An optical element is provided which comprises a plurality of fluorophores disposed in a medium. The fluorophores have a quantum yield greater than 50% and an absorption spectrum with a maximum intensity at wavelengths less than 400 nm, and emit a spectrum of light having a maximum intensity at wavelengths within the range of 400 nm to 1200 nm. The optical element is at least partially transparent over the visible region of the spectrum. The optical element is especially useful as a window or other optical component of a greenhouse structure.

A laminate includes a substrate, a self-healing layer on the substrate and having a thickness of greater than or equal to about 50 micrometers, a protective layer between the substrate and the self-healing layer, and a surface layer on the self-healing layer and having a thickness of about 20 nanometers to about 300 nanometers, wherein the self-healing layer has a first elastic modulus and the protective layer has a second elastic modulus, wherein the second elastic modulus is about 1.2 times to about 50 times greater than the first elastic modulus, and wherein the surface layer has a friction coefficient of less than or equal to about 1.

A vehicle glass sheet is provided that includes a borosilicate glass with a thickness between 1.1 mm and 5.4 mm and a two-dimensional area for a sensor assigned to this two-dimensional area. The two-dimensional area has an inclination (α) with respect to an upward direction (S) perpendicular to a main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle that is in a range between 35° and 65°.

A method for detection and analysis of an external event occurring on an automotive glazing that includes receiving a signal with characteristic information of at least one electrical signal resulting from an occurrence of the external event on the automotive glazing. The method further includes applying the signal with characteristic information to a computer-implemented classification model, where for each of one or more quantities related to the characteristic information, a prediction is made of a value of a parameter indicative of the external event. The method further includes deriving a decision on whether to replace or repair based on the value of the parameter from the predictions.

The present invention relates to a device for adjusting a pressure in a system. The device comprises at least one movable adjustment unit having at least one opening and a fluid passage. The fluid passage comprises a main opening having a flow area for discharging a main stream of fluid to be conducted through the fluid passage, and a by-pass opening having a flow area for discharging a secondary stream of the fluid to be conducted through the fluid passage into an outside environment of the device. The adjustment unit is configured to, in a working position, at least partially overlap the by-pass opening and thereby reduce the flow area of the by-pass opening

A curable composition includes an olefin-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer satisfying conditions (1) to (4) and an additive resin, which is at least one of a hydrocarbon-based elastomer, polyphenylene ether, olefin-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymerized oligomer, and aromatic polyene-based resin. (1) The number average molecular weight of the copolymer is 5000 to 100000. (2) The aromatic vinyl compound monomer has 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and the content of the unit of the monomer is 0 to 70 mass %. (3) The aromatic polyene is selected from polyenes having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and a plurality of vinyl and/or vinylene groups in the molecule, and the content of the groups is 1.5 to 20 pieces per number average molecular weight. (4) The olefin is selected from olefins having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and the total monomer units of the olefin, aromatic vinyl compound, and aromatic polyene is 100 mass %.

A curable composition includes an olefin-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer satisfying conditions (1) to (4) and an additive resin, which is at least one of a hydrocarbon-based elastomer, polyphenylene ether, olefin-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymerized oligomer, and aromatic polyene-based resin. (1) The number average molecular weight of the copolymer is 5000 to 100000. (2) The aromatic vinyl compound monomer has 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and the content of the unit of the monomer is 0 to 70 mass %. (3) The aromatic polyene is selected from polyenes having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and a plurality of vinyl and/or vinylene groups in the molecule, and the content of the groups is 1.5 to 20 pieces per number average molecular weight. (4) The olefin is selected from olefins having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and the total monomer units of the olefin, aromatic vinyl compound, and aromatic polyene is 100 mass %.

The present invention relates to an ionomer resin, comprising: a (meth)acrylic acid unit (A); a neutralized (meth)acrylic acid unit (B); and an ethylene unit (C), wherein the total amount of the unit (A) and the unit (B) is from 6 to 10 mol % based on the entire monomeric units constituting the ionomer resin, and wherein the amount of a salt composed of a strong acid and a strong base in the ionomer resin is from 1 to 400 mg/kg.

A method for producing a glass article is provided. The method for producing a glass article, the method including preparing a glass to be processed, the glass comprising a glass bulk and a low-refractive surface layer disposed on the glass bulk, and etching away the low-refractive surface layer to form an etched glass, wherein the etching away the low-refractive surface layer comprises: cleaning the low-refractive surface layer with an acid solution; and cleaning the low-refractive surface layer with a base solution after the cleaning it with the acid solution.

Provided are a glass substrate protective film including an optically transparent adhesive layer; a polyimide-based shatter-proof layer formed on the optically transparent adhesive layer; and a hard coating layer formed on the polyimide-based shatter-proof layer. The hard coating layer and the optically transparent adhesive layer have a thickness of 5 to 20 μm, the polyimide-based shatter-proof layer has a thickness of 20 to 50 μm, the glass substrate protective film has an absolute value of a retardation in a thickness direction (R.sub.th) of 2000 nm or less, and an adhesive strength when the optically transparent adhesive layer adheres to the glass substrate is 200 gf/in or more. A method for manufacturing the glass substrate laminate and a display panel including the glass substrate laminate are also provided.