The present invention relates to metal complexes of formula (1), ##STR00001##
and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes, in particular as emitters.

Provided is a novel heterocyclic compound which can be used as a host material for dispersing a light-emitting material in a light-emitting layer of a light-emitting element. Further provided is a light-emitting element which is driven at a low voltage and has high current efficiency. By including the light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, an electronic device, and a lighting device each with reduced power consumption are provided. The light-emitting element contains a compound in which a dibenzo[f,h]quinoline ring and a hole-transport skeleton are bonded through an arylene group. The light-emitting device, the electronic device, and the lighting device each including the light-emitting element are provided. The light-emitting element contains a heterocyclic compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (G1). ##STR00001##

There is provided a compound having Formula II ##STR00001##
In Formula II: R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same of different and can be alkyl, branched alkyl, cyclic alkyl, silyl, aryl, deuterated alkyl, deuterated branched alkyl, deuterated cyclic alkyl, deuterated silyl, and deuterated aryl; R.sup.2 is the same or different at each occurrence and can be D, alkyl, branched alkyl, cyclic alkyl, silyl, aryl, deuterated alkyl, deuterated branched alkyl, deuterated cyclic alkyl, deuterated silyl, and deuterated aryl; R.sup.4 can be H or D; and a is an integer from 0-5.

A polymer compound having a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##

Discussed is a delayed fluorescence compound including a first electron donor moiety of indolo-[3,2,1-j,k]carbazole; a second electron donor moiety selected from indolo-[3,2,1-j,k]carbazole, carbazole, or triphenylamine; and an electron acceptor moiety selected from dibenzothiophene sulfone or diphenyl sulfone, wherein the first and second electron donor moieties are combined to the electron acceptor moiety, and the electron acceptor moiety is combined to a third position or a sixth position of the first electron donor moiety.

A composite material which includes an organic compound and an inorganic compound and has a high carrier-transport property is provided. A composite material having a good property of carrier injection into an organic compound is provided. A composite material in which light absorption due to charge-transfer interaction is unlikely to occur is provided. A composite material having a high visible-light-transmitting property is provided. A composite material including a hydrocarbon compound and an inorganic compound exhibiting an electron-accepting property with respect to the hydrocarbon compound is provided. The hydrocarbon compound has a substituent bonded to a naphthalene skeleton, a phenanthrene skeleton, or a triphenylene skeleton and has a molecular weight of 350 to 2000, and the substituent has one or more rings selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, and a triphenylene ring.

A composition formed of a first mixture of a first compound and a second compound wherein the first compound has different chemical structure than the second compound; the first compound is capable of functioning as a hole transporting material in an organic light emitting device at room temperature; the first compound comprises at least one carbazole group; the first compound has a evaporation temperature T1 of 150 to 350° C.; the second compound has evaporation temperature T2 of 150 to 350° C.; the absolute value of T1−T2 is less than 20° C.; the first compound having a concentration C1 in said first mixture, and the first compound having a concentration C2 in a film formed by evaporating the first mixture in a vacuum deposition tool at a constant pressure between 1×10.sup.−6 Torr to 1×10.sup.−9 Torr, at a 2 Å/sec deposition rate on a surface positioned at a predefined distance away from the mixture being evaporated; and wherein the absolute value of (C1−C2)/C1 is less than 5%.

The present invention relates, inter alia, to compositions comprising, a compound which is able to emit and/or absorb light and a compound which is able either to absorb or emit light, where both compounds each include at least one fluorine radical. The present invention is furthermore directed to a process for the preparation of the composition, to the use of the composition in electronic devices and to the device itself.

A light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device (OLED) which can improve the brightness of a display or an illumination system to which an OLED is applied by improving light extraction efficiency and a method of manufacturing the same. The light extraction substrate for an OLED includes an oxide or nitride thin film formed on a substrate body. The oxide or nitride thin film includes a base layer formed on the substrate body, a first texture formed on the base layer, the first texture having a plurality of first protrusions which protrude continuously or discontinuously from the base layer, and a second texture having a plurality of second protrusions which protrude continuously or discontinuously from each outer surface of the first protrusions.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1), (17) 18) or (20) and to the use thereof in electronic devices, and to electronic devices which contain these compounds. The invention furthermore relates to the preparation of the compounds of the formula (1), (17) 18) or (20) and to formulations contains one or more compounds of the formula (1), (17) 18) or (20).