An optogenetic probe, an optogenetic system, and a method for fabricating an optogenetic probe are provided. The optogenetic probe has a proximal and a distal end, and includes an elongated body made of a body glass material and extending longitudinally between the proximal and distal ends. The optogenetic probe also includes at least one optical channel, each including an optical channel glass material having a refractive index larger than a refractive index of the body glass material, so as to guide light therealong. The optogenetic probes also includes at least one electrical channel, each including an electrical channel structure having an electrical conductivity larger than the electrical conductivity of the body glass material, so as to conduct electricity therealong. The optogenetic probe further includes at least one fluidic channel, each adapted for transporting fluid therealong. Each optical, electrical and fluidic channel extends longitudinally within the elongated body.

The present invention includes systems and methods of using real-time neurofeedback to improve the correspondence between first-person experience and specific brain activation patterns in a manner that minimally affects the experience itself. The present invention provides meditators the ability to enhance their control over their own brain activity, such as posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) activation. The present invention also provides methods for treating a disease or disorder of a subject by measuring the subject's brain activity via fMRI, presenting a representation of the measured brain activity to the subject, and instructing the subject to reduce the represented brain activity by altering their meditative state. The present invention also provides a system and method of using fMRI neurofeedback to directly correlate subjective experience with neural activation.

Method and software are provided to format a probability index that reflects where an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern lies within the spectrum of wakefulness to deep sleep, which employs a computer/microprocessor that performs frequency domain analysis of one or more discrete sections (Bins) of the EEG to determine the EEG power at specified frequencies, optionally calculates the total power over specified frequency ranges, assigns a rank to the power at each frequency, or frequency range, assigns a code to the Bin that reflects the ranking of the different frequencies or frequency ranges, and determines an index that reflects where said EEG pattern within said Bin(s) lies within the spectrum of wakefulness to deep sleep by use of a reference source, such as a look-up table or other suitable decoding instrument. The reference source is obtained by calculating the probability of Bins with different codes occurring in epochs scored as awake or asleep in reference files scored by one or more expert technologists or by an automatic scoring software.

A method, computer program product, and computer system for identifying at least one attribute of a user. An attention level of the user is determined with the identified at least one attribute. The attention level of the user is analyzed. An action of the user is classified as an attention deficiency event using the analyzed attention level of the user.

A method and system for provoking gait disorders, such as freezing of gait; usable, for example, for diagnosing and/or treatment thereof. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, displays of situations calculated to cause freezing of gait are presented to a subject, optionally using virtual reality displays. Optionally or alternatively, incipit freezing of gait is identified using changes in gait parameters, and optionally used to guide attempts at causing freezing of gait. Optionally or alternatively, a portable device is provided which detects incipit freezing of gait and generates a corrective signal to the subject.

A method and an apparatus for interacting information between a smart terminal and a wearable device are provided. The method includes: acquiring first control information containing behavior information of a tester; acquiring second control information containing brain wave information of the tester; comparing the first control information with the second control information to obtain a comparison result; and executing the first control information when the comparison result indicates that the first control information is consistent with the second control information. In the above-mentioned solution, a control signal containing the behavior information of the tester is compared with a control signal containing the brain wave information of the tester, and a corresponding operation can be performed only if the two control signals are consistent with each other.

A system for predicting epileptic seizures includes sensors operable to record a wearer's brain activity. The sensors electronically communicate with a processor configured to receive and store output EEG oscillations and activities. A threshold electrical fluctuation level is identified as the level electrical activity experienced at the onset of a seizure event, and is then stored in the PDA memory as a predetermined threshold value. The processor analyzes the input EEG data logged for a recording period, and the logged data is broken into a number of data values across a series of individual set sampling periods. Convert collected data value readings for individual sampling periods as a non-linear measure value using fractal dimension, P&H and/or Lyapunov weighing. The calculated values for a predicted next time intervals extending the sampling period is projected forward and compared against the predetermined threshold value to indicate a likely seizure event.

An apparatus and method is provided for intraoperative tissue stimulation during port-based surgery. The apparatus includes an access port and electrical terminals attached to the access port for tissue stimulation. In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus may include an access port, with or without electrical terminals attached to the access port for tissue stimulation, and electrocorticography sensors attached to the access port. The method includes inserting an access port into a tissue, applying an electrical potential to the tissue using electrical terminals attached to the access port, and measuring consequent neural activity using electrocorticography sensors attached to the access port.

Embodiments of the present systems and methods may provide a non-invasive system to measure and integrate behavioral and cognitive features enabling early detection and progression tracking of degenerative disease. For example, a method of detecting neurodegenerative disease may comprise measuring functioning of at least one of the motor system, cognitive function, and brain activity of a subject during everyday life and analyzing the gathered at least one motor system data, cognitive function data, and brain activity data of the subject.

A method for improved seizure detection includes capturing neural data for a first set of brain regions; calculating inter-region correlations between pairs of the first set of brain regions from the neural data; detecting a period of hyposynchrony from the inter-region correlations; after detecting the period of hyposynchrony, detecting a period of hypersynchrony from the inter-region correlations; and based on a transition from the period of hyposynchrony to the period of hypersynchrony, detecting a first seizure.