A piezoelectric multi-layer component includes a piezoelectric main body, which has an inlet area and an outlet area. In the outlet area or in the inlet area at least two adjacent layers are polarized antiparallel to each other and at least two adjacent layers are polarized parallel to each other.

A surface-guided bulk wave transducer includes a stack of an acoustic substrate, an electric ground plane, and a network of synchronous acoustic excitation sources with two combs of elementary piezoelectric transducers alternately interlaced two-by-two according to a periodic network step corresponding to a propagation mode of a surface-guided bulk wave of the acoustic substrate. Each elementary piezoelectric transducer includes a single and different rod with a parallelepipedal shape for which the nature, the cut of the piezoelectric material, the height h, and the width are selected for increasing the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the transducer assembly to a high level.

Switchable and/or tunable filters, methods of manufacture and design structures are disclosed herein. The method of forming the filters includes forming at least one piezoelectric filter structure comprising a plurality of electrodes formed on a piezoelectric substrate. The method further includes forming a fixed electrode with a plurality of fingers on the piezoelectric substrate. The method further includes forming a moveable electrode with a plurality of fingers over the piezoelectric substrate. The method further includes forming actuators aligned with one or more of the plurality of fingers of the moveable electrode.

Disclosed is a piezoelectric element wherein a lower electrode made of Pt, a buffer layer made of PLT, and a piezoelectric thin film to be a perovskite ferroelectric thin film are formed in this order on a substrate. The average crystal grain size of Pt forming the lower electrode is not smaller than 50 nm and not larger than 150 nm.

A resonance apparatus that processes an electrical loss using a conductive material and a method of manufacturing the resonance apparatus are provided. The resonance apparatus includes a lower electrode formed at a predetermined distance from a substrate, and a piezoelectric layer formed on the lower electrode. The resonance apparatus further includes an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric layer, and a conductive layer formed on the upper electrode or the lower electrode.

A piezoelectric actuator includes a housing body and lid wherein the housing body defines an open-ended cylindrical interior chamber extending along a displacement axis. The lid bolts to the body transverse to the open end allowing easy access to an electrostrictive assembly disposed within the chamber. The electrostrictive assembly includes an electrostrictive element affixed at one end to the housing by a cup element with an outermost cylindrical surface, and at an opposite, and free, end, to a driver having a portion with a outermost cylindrical surface. The outermost cylindrical surfaces both include circumferential sealing elements, for example, circumferential grooves in which resilient a sealing O-ring resides, or circumferential wiper seals. The assembly is dimensioned to fit wholly within the chamber, with the circumferential sealing elements establishing a hermetic seal while allowing sliding motion of the free end of the electrostrictive element, and the driver, along the displacement axis.

The disclosed embodiments are generally directed to optical systems. The optical systems may include a proximal lens that may transmit light toward an eye of a user. The optical systems may also include a distal lens that may, in combination with the proximal lens, correct for at least a portion of a refractive error of the eye of the user. The optical systems may further include a selective transmission interface. The selective transmission interface may couple the proximal lens to the distal lens, transmits light having a selected property, and does not transmit light that does not have the selected property. The optical system can also include an accommodative lens, such as a liquid lens. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

An acoustic wave device includes: a support substrate; a first piezoelectric substrate bonded to a first principal surface of the support substrate, the first piezoelectric substrate being a single crystal substrate, a first acoustic wave resonator located on an opposite surface of the first piezoelectric substrate from a surface to which the support substrate is bonded, the first acoustic wave resonator including an IDT; a second piezoelectric substrate bonded to a second principal surface of the support substrate opposite from the first principal surface, the second piezoelectric substrate being a single crystal substrate; and a second acoustic wave resonator located on an opposite surface of the second piezoelectric substrate from a surface to which the support substrate is bonded, the second acoustic wave resonator including an IDT.

A piezoelectric bulk wave device that includes a piezoelectric thin plate that is made of LiTaO.sub.3, and first and second electrodes that are provided in contact with the piezoelectric thin plate. The piezoelectric bulk wave device utilizes the thickness shear mode of the piezoelectric thin plate made of LiTaO.sub.3. The first and second electrodes are each formed by a conductor having a specific acoustic impedance higher than the specific acoustic impedance of a transversal wave that propagates in LiTaO.sub.3. When the sum of the film thicknesses of the first and second electrodes is defined as an electrode thickness, and the thickness of the piezoelectric thin plate made of LiTaO.sub.3 is defined as an LT thickness, the electrode thickness/(electrode thickness+LT thickness) is not less than 5% and not more than 40%.

A piezoelectric drive element includes piezoelectric layers, electrode layers between the piezoelectric layers, and electrode layers as the surfaces of the laminated layers. The piezoelectric layers are arranged on the upper side and on the lower side with reference to the center in the thickness direction, and are polarized in opposite directions. The thicknesses of piezoelectric layers at the center which have the least displacement are the thickest. The thicknesses of the piezoelectric layers above and under the thickest piezoelectric layers decrease gradually in an outward direction. A piezoelectric sound-generating body is constructed by affixing the piezoelectric driving element to a support plate and supporting the piezoelectric driving element with a frame.