A particle separating device includes at least three liquid chambers adapted to store a liquid therein; at least two liquid passages, each connecting adjacent two of the liquid chambers; an inlet adapted to introduce a liquid in which multiple particles of different sizes are dispersed into one of the liquid chambers; and at least two electrodes disposed inside at least two of the liquid chambers, respectively, the electrodes adapted to apply different electrical potentials to the liquid. The cross-sectional areas of the at least two liquid passages are different from each other.

An electrochemical microsensor comprising an array of working microelectrodes, the working microelectrodes include: one or more bare microelectrodes; one or more thick film-coated microelectrodes, optionally with conductive additive incorporated into the coating, selected from the group consisting of polysaccharide-coated microelectrodes and platinum black-coated microelectrodes; one or more thin film-coated microelectrodes selected from the group consisting of reduced graphene oxide-coated microelectrode and transition metal chalcogenide-coated microelectrodes; wherein the electrochemical microsensor further comprises a counter electrode and optionally one or more reference microelectrode(s).

A sensor for particle identification, the sensor comprising: a first chamber configured to be filled with an electrolytic solution; a first electrode provided inside the first chamber and configured to be connected to an external power supply for applying a voltage; a second chamber configured to be filled with the electrolytic solution; a second electrode provided inside the second chamber and configured to be connected to the external power supply; a data output means configured to output measurement data expressing an ion current generated between the first electrode and the second electrode; a partition separating the first chamber and the second chamber; and a presentation means for providing a unique identifier to an external computer device over a network. The partition includes a pore connecting the first chamber and the second chamber, a physical property of the sensor is associated with the unique identifier, the sensor is configured such that when a particle passes through the pore, a transient change dependent on at least a physical property of the pore and a physical property of the particle occurs in the ion current generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the unique identifier is configured to cause the external computer device receiving the unique identifier to perform a process of identifying the particle according to the physical property of the sensor associated with the unique identifier. The physical property of the sensor at least includes a physical property of the pore.

A particle occurrence sensing circuit for microfluidic particle sensing includes a set of particle event indicators, each of which includes: a Coulter counter having a sensing electrode exposable to a fluid within a microfluidic channel and configured for providing a particle sensing signal; an input stage configured for providing an extracted particle sensing signal; and a particle event detector configured for providing a set of particle event occurrence signals. Each of the set of particle event occurrence signals indicates a sensed occurrence of a particle greater than or equal to a given reference particle size during fluid flow through the microfluidic channel to which the sensing electrode is exposed. The particle event detector includes a successive approximation (SA) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured for generating a plurality of reference particle size threshold values and successively comparing the extracted particle sensing signal amplitude with reference particle size threshold values.

A method for processing a substrate by using fluid flowing through a particle detector is provided. The particle detector is utilized to detect nano-particles contained in fluid. The particle detector includes a substrate and a pair of sensing electrodes disposed on the substrate. The substrate includes nano-pores, wherein the pore size of the nano-pores is greater than the particle size of the nano-particles, allowing the nano-particles contained in the fluid passing through the nano-pores. The pair of sensing electrodes are positioned adjacent to at least one of the nano-pores.

A sample analyzer comprising: a sample preparing section for preparing first and second measurement sample including reagent and sample; a first detector for detecting a predetermined component in the first measurement sample prepared by the sample preparing section; a second detector for detecting the predetermined component in the second measurement sample prepared by the sample preparing section; and a controller configured for performing operations, comprising: (a) controlling the first detector to detect the predetermined component in the first measurement sample prepared by the sample preparing section; (b) determining the reliability of the result detected by the first detector; (c) controlling the sample preparing section to prepare the second measurement sample from the same sample when the result has been determined to be unreliable; and (d) controlling the second detector to detect the predetermined component in the second measurement sample, is disclosed.

Provided are a device and a method for rapidly and simply detecting endotoxin without using an expensive reagent. The endotoxin detection device includes: a region containing an electrolyte solution; a partitioning member that partitions the region into two compartments such that the two compartments are in communication via a nanopore; a first electrode that is disposed in a first compartment; a second electrode that is disposed in a second compartment and is electrically connected to the first electrode; an electrolyte solution flow generating means that causes electrolyte solution in the first compartment to move to the second compartment via the nanopore; an application means that applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a monitoring means that monitors current.

Systems and methods to integrate electrical sensors comprising parallel electrodes into microfluidic devices that are manufactured using soft lithography are disclosed herein. With minimal fabrication complexity, more uniform electric fields than conventional coplanar electrodes are produced. The methods disclosed are also more suitable for the construction of complex electrical sensor networks in microfluidic devices due to greater layout flexibility and provide improved sensitivity over conventional coplanar electrodes.

Various embodiments herein disclose a device, comprising one or more fluid interfacing components and a cartridge holder, wherein the one or more fluid interfacing components are fixed while the cartridge holder moves along a linear guide. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the device to analyze a sample containing particles, and methods of diagnosing a disease in a subject by using the device.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve systems, methods, and the like, for a fabrication of a particulate matter (PM) sensor that utilizes a capacitance sensor to detect sub-micrometer and nanoparticles in the respirable range of an environment. In one implementation, the capacitance sensor may comprise interdigitated electrodes between which a capacitance may be measured. PM deposited on the sensor may cause the capacitance between the electrodes to be altered and such a change in capacitance may be measured by the PM sensor. This measurement of the change in capacitance of the interdigitated capacitance sensor may therefore be correlated to the presence of sub-micrometer and nanoparticles in an environment. In one particular implementation, the PM sensor may further include a micro-heater circuit, a readout circuit, and an interface connecting the readout circuit to the micro-heater/capacitance sensor of the PM sensor.