The present disclosure provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst improved in OSC performance while maintaining an exhaust gas purification performance, which comprises a substrate and at least one catalyst layer formed on the substrate, wherein an uppermost catalyst layer contains a catalyst metal, a first OSC material having a pyrochlore structure, and a second OSC material having a higher oxygen storage/release rate than the first OSC material, wherein the uppermost catalyst layer consists of an upstream catalyst layer and a downstream catalyst layer, and wherein a proportion of a mass of the second OSC material based on a total mass of the first OSC material and the second OSC material is in a specific range in each of the upstream catalyst layer and the downstream catalyst layer.

A hydrocarbon reclamator consists of a closed chamber having an exhaust inlet port, a hydrogen inlet port, and a hydrocarbon outlet port. A magnetic flux is generated at the base of the closed chamber and a rotor is suspended by the magnetic flux within the closed chamber. The rotor is formed as a Tesla turbine having axially spaced discs concentrically mounted on a central shaft, a catalyst is formed on surfaces of the discs, and flow holes are formed through the discs. Venturi forces direct gas to release kinetic energy against the discs, so that hydrogen entering the chamber combines with carbon entering the chamber to form a hydrocarbon that exits the chamber via the hydrocarbon outlet port.

A hydrocarbon reclamator consists of a closed chamber having an exhaust inlet port, a hydrogen inlet port, and a hydrocarbon outlet port. A magnetic flux is generated at the base of the closed chamber and a rotor is suspended by the magnetic flux within the closed chamber. The rotor is formed as a Tesla turbine having axially spaced discs concentrically mounted on a central shaft, a catalyst is formed on surfaces of the discs, and flow holes are formed through the discs. Venturi forces direct gas to release kinetic energy against the discs, so that hydrogen entering the chamber combines with carbon entering the chamber to form a hydrocarbon that exits the chamber via the hydrocarbon outlet port.

The present disclosure provides SCR catalyst compositions capable of reducing nitrogen oxide (NO.sub.x) emissions in engine exhaust. The catalyst compositions include a reducible metal oxide support containing ceria, one or more transition metal oxides as a redox promotor; and an oxide of niobium, tungsten, silicon, molybdenum, or a combination thereof as an acidic promotor. The redox promotor and the acid promotor are both supported on the reducible metal oxide support. Further provided are SCR catalyst articles coated with such compositions, processes for preparing such catalyst compositions and articles, an exhaust gas treatment system including such catalyst articles, and methods for reducing NO.sub.x in an exhaust gas stream using such catalyst articles and systems.

Provided are catalysts for reduction of nitrogen oxides including an active site including lanthanum vanadate represented by at least one of Formula 1 and Formula 2 and a support carrying the active site.
LaVO.sub.4 (wherein LaVO.sub.4 is polymorphous and has a tetragonal or monoclinic crystal structure)  Formula 1
LaV.sub.3O.sub.9 (wherein LaV.sub.3O.sub.9 has a monoclinic crystal structure)  Formula 2.

The invention provides a catalyst composition, including a mixture of catalytically active particles and a magnetic material, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, capable of inductive heating in response to an applied alternating electromagnetic field. The catalytically active particles will typically include a base metal, platinum group metal, oxide of base metal or platinum group metal, or combination thereof, and will be adapted for use in various catalytic systems, such as diesel oxidation catalysts, catalyzed soot filters, lean NOx traps, selective catalytic reduction catalysts, ammonia oxidation catalysts, or three-way catalysts. The invention also includes a system and method for heating a catalyst material, which includes a catalyst article that includes the catalyst composition and a conductor for receiving current and generating an alternating electromagnetic field in response thereto, the conductor positioned such that the generated alternating electromagnetic field is applied to at least a portion of the magnetic material.

Provided are catalyst particles for treating vehicle exhaust gas, containing semiconductor nanoparticles supported by noble metals.

Provided are catalyst particles for treating vehicle exhaust gas, containing semiconductor nanoparticles supported by noble metals.

An exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a jacket heating conductor element (12) with a jacket (16) and with an electrical heating conductor (14). The electrical heating conductor (14) extends in the jacket (16) and is surrounded by insulating material (18). A heat transfer surface formation (20) is arranged on an outer side of the jacket (16) and is in heat transfer contact with same.

An aftertreatment system for reducing constituents of an exhaust gas having a sulfur content includes: an oxidation catalyst; a filter disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst; and a controller configured, in response to determining that the filter is to be regenerated and a desulfation condition being satisfied, to: cause a temperature of the oxidation catalyst to increase to a first regeneration temperature that is greater than or equal to 400 degrees Celsius and less than 550 degrees Celsius; cause the temperature of the oxidation catalyst to be maintained at the first regeneration temperature for a first time period; and after the first time period, cause the temperature of the oxidation catalyst to increase to a second regeneration temperature equal to or greater than 550 degrees Celsius.