An active catalyst for ammonia synthesis is integrated with a specialty sorbent in a composition or composite, such that the catalyst portion and the sorbent portion are in direct intimate contact, which overcomes the thermodynamic limits for conversion. The sorbent may comprise a metal halide absorbent, zeolite adsorbent, other material absorbents or adsorbents, to capture ammonia as it is produced in intimate or near molecular contact with the catalyst, wherein the composition/composite may be provided in the form of a granular or pellet structure. By removing ammonia essentially as it forms, the forward reaction for producing ammonia can continue nearly unabated such that high net conversion can be achieved in a single pass or cumulative within segmented reactors as operated in series.

The invention in its various embodiments is directed to methods and equipment for generating an activated sorbent from a sorbent precursor with the addition of certain chemicals that enhance the effectiveness of the activated sorbent. The invention in its various embodiments is also directed to the methods and equipment for generating some of the chemicals that are added to the raw carbonaceous material or activated sorbent to enhance its effectiveness. The invention in its various embodiments is also directed to methods and equipment for generating certain chemicals that can be added to a gas stream to convert a given gaseous pollutant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream.

A promoted carbon and/or non-carbon base sorbent are described that are highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The promoted sorbent comprises a carbon and/or non-carbon base sorbent that has reacted with and contains forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase and/or preserve reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the base sorbent, or in-flight within a gas stream (air, flue gas, etc.), to enhance base sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The promoted sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Base sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active base sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described.

Disclosed are sorbents having superior water leachability performance characteristics especially when used as sorbents in semi-dry (CDS), high moisture (SDA), and fully wet SO.sub.2 scrubbers. Also disclosed are methods for the production of such performance-enhanced sorbents, and methods for the use of such sorbents in the removal of mercury and possibly one or more other heavy metals or other contaminants from various gaseous streams. The sorbents are carbonaceous substrates treated with a bromine-containing compound, especially gaseous bromine, and with at least one organic compound that contains at least one olefinic double bond.

The invention in its various embodiments is directed to methods and equipment for generating an activated sorbent from a sorbent precursor with the addition of certain chemicals that enhance the effectiveness of the activated sorbent. The invention in its various embodiments is also directed to the methods and equipment for generating some of the chemicals that are added to the raw carbonaceous material or activated sorbent to enhance its effectiveness. The invention in its various embodiments is also directed to methods and equipment for generating certain chemicals that can be added to a gas stream to convert a given gaseous pollutant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream.

Provided is a preparation method and use method of a material for deep purification of HF electronic gas. A metal fluoride-loaded activated carbon material AC/MFx.Math.nH.sub.2O is prepared, and a mixed gas flow of carbonyl fluoride and high-purity nitrogen is used to deeply dehydrate the material to obtain the material for deep purification of HF electronic gas AC/MFx. This kind of material has fluoride that can form crystal water to form hydrated metal fluoride, and has strong water absorption properties. Moreover, the anhydrous fluoride and activated carbon do not have to face the problem of being corroded by HF, and the collapse of framework structure and the secondary pollution to HF from reaction products would not be caused. The material has the advantages of high purity and extremely low moisture content when being used for efficiently removing moisture in HF.

An active catalyst for ammonia synthesis is integrated with a specialty sorbent in a composition or composite, such that the catalyst portion and the sorbent portion are in direct intimate contact, which overcomes the thermodynamic limits for conversion. The sorbent may comprise a metal halide absorbent, zeolite adsorbent, other material absorbents or adsorbents, to capture ammonia as it is produced in intimate or near molecular contact with the catalyst, wherein the composition/composite may be provided in the form of a granular or pellet structure. By removing ammonia essentially as it forms, the forward reaction for producing ammonia can continue nearly unabated such that high net conversion can be achieved in a single pass or cumulative within segmented reactors as operated in series.

This invention provides processes for reducing the environmental availability of one or more environmental pollutants in solids, liquids, and combinations of solids and liquids.

The disclosure relates to methods and processes for protecting food supply, organisms including fish and aquatic life, and plants from mercury accumulation by reducing the presence of methyl mercury in ecosystems, sediment, and pore water. The disclosure including treating sediment and/or pore water with an amendment that contains a sorbent and a halogen source, or a halogen containing sorbent.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an adsorbent for removing radon. The method includes (a) mixing a fluorine (F) compound and zeolite to produce a second mixture.