Provided are methods of using MXene compositions to selectively adsorb analytes such as toxic industrial chemicals, opioids, and nerve agents. Also provided are MXene compositions configured to effect selective adsorption of analytes.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for scrubbing low levels of urea from aqueous solutions such as a dialysate from dialysis, and including blood and blood products, and devices capable of employing these methods.

A sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound is provided. The sparsely pillared organic-inorganic hybrid compound includes: two inorganic material layers, each extending in one direction and facing each other; and an organic material layer disposed between the two inorganic material layers, wherein each of the inorganic material layers has a gibbsite structure in which a divalent metal cation is doped to an octahedral site, and the organic material layer includes a plurality of pillar portions, each of which is chemically bound to each of the two inorganic material layers such that the two inorganic material layers are connected to each other.

Disclosed is a porous ceramic heating element composition and a ceramic heating structure made of the composition, and the composition includes: a mixture including a ceramic mixed powder, which is formed by mixing at least one of an aluminum nitride and a silicon nitride with a silicon carbide powder, and a silicon-based metal powder which is mixed with the ceramic mixed powder; a pore agent, wherein 0.5 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight of the pore agent is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the mixture; and a binder which is mixed with the mixture and maintains the bonding between the ceramic mixed powder and the metal powder. 20 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight of the binder is included in 100 parts by weight of the mixture.

A method of removing barium from a liquid includes adding a two-dimensional metal carbide water contaminant adsorbent to water to adsorb contaminants, such as barium (II), from the liquid. The two-dimensional metal carbide water contaminant adsorbent is in the form of at least one MXene, having the formula M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where n=1, 2 or 3, M is an early transition metal, such as scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo) or the like, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The MXene may be Ti.sub.3C.sub.2. The liquid may be, for example, at least one water by-product from at least one oilfield reservoir, such as produced water, co-produced water or a combination thereof.

A method for removing arsenic from a liquid includes adding a two-dimensional metal carbide adsorbent to the liquid to adsorb the arsenic from the liquid. The two-dimensional metal carbide adsorbent can include at least one MXene, having the formula M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where n=1, 2 or 3, where M is an early transition metal, such as scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo) or the like, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The MXene may be Ti.sub.3C.sub.2.

An ammonia-based multi-zone double-loop process for ultra-low emission of multi-pollutant. From an absorption tower inlet, the flue gas successively passes through cooling concentration crystallization, sulfur oxide absorption, water washing and purifying and dust and mist removing zones, which are separated by gas permeable liquid collecting plates, forming clean flue gas and discharged from an outlet. The cooling concentration crystallization zone, the sulfur oxide absorption zone, and the water washing and purifying zone are respectively provided with a plurality of sprayers, and respectively use a concentration liquid, an absorption liquid, and a water washing liquid as spraying liquids. The absorption, concentration and water washing liquids, after converging respectively, into absorption, concentration crystallization and water washing circulation tanks, the absorption, concentration and water washing liquids, respectively, are sprayed in a circulating manner through absorption, concentration and water washing pumps.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for scrubbing low levels of urea from aqueous solutions such as a dialysate from dialysis, and including blood and blood products, and devices capable of employing these methods.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for scrubbing low levels of urea from aqueous solutions such as a dialysate from dialysis, and including blood and blood products, and devices capable of employing these methods.

A method for removing arsenic from a liquid includes adding a two-dimensional metal carbide adsorbent to the liquid to adsorb the arsenic from the liquid. The two-dimensional metal carbide adsorbent can include at least one MXene, having the formula M.sub.n+1X.sub.n, where n=1, 2 or 3, where M is an early transition metal, such as scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo) or the like, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The MXene may be Ti.sub.3C.sub.2.