A self-clumping coated substrate litter composed of self-clumping coated substrate litter granules each made of an inner substrate around which is agglomerated a particulate modified starch clumping agent forming an outer coating of the modified starch clumping agent around the substrate. The coating has an inner self-adhering region adhered to the substrate and an outer region of the clumping agent surrounding the inner region defining an outer surface of each granule that has absorption-enhancing microcracks and microscopic upraised projections, including spikes, formed in and on the surface. The coating has a first single time moisture activated moisture cured adhesive and a second moisture reactivated moisture recured adhesive which are both formed of starch modified during ultrahigh pressure extrusion using a single screw extruder. In a method of making, a suitable agglomeration method includes a substrate water wetting method where substrate particles are wetted with water, powdered clumping agent is applied, and the wetted mixture is tumbled until round low tracking agglomerated litter granules are obtained. Another suitable agglomeration method involves application of a slurry of the clumping agent onto substrate particles while being tumbled until rounded low tracking agglomerated litter granules are obtained.

The invention concerns biocompatible polymer systems comprising at least one polymer with a plurality of pores, said polymer comprising either polyol or zwitterionic groups designed to adsorb endotoxins and other inflammatory mediator molecules.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods for separating .sup.8-THC, .sup.9-THC, and related enantiomers using CO.sub.2-based chromatography.

A preparation method of a high-absorptivity chitosan/bamboo activated carbon composite aerogel include: evenly mixing a chitosan suspension and bamboo activated carbon; dropwise adding glacial acetic acid and stirring to form a solution; dropwise adding a glutaraldehyde solution, and stirring until cross-linking of chitosan is completed; and freezing the obtained liquid in shape, and then performing freeze-drying by means of a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain a chitosan/bamboo activated carbon composite aerogel. The natural, environmentally friendly and degradable chitosan is used as the raw material, bamboo activated carbon is adhered to the chitosan, and the freeze-drying technique is used to prepare the aerogel, so that the bamboo activated carbon is uniformly dispersed and fixed in the three-dimensional space of the aerogel, and the prepared composite aerogel has a high specific surface area and a high porosity, and a high PM2.5 adsorption capacity.

The present invention relates to a magnetic nanoparticle comprising: a) a core containing a ferromagnetic material; b) an outer coating containing a mixture of a lipophilic compound and a hydrophilic compound. The outer coating of the above particle makes the nanoparticle stable in water and, simultaneously, capable of adsorbing/emulsifying large amounts of hydrophobic/lipophilic compounds. The present invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the above-mentioned particles as well as their use in the removal of hydrocarbons from solid or liquid environments and metal ions from contaminated water (wastewater).

This disclosure relates to new filtration systems, granular substrates, granular media and processes that are highly effective for removing suspended oil, particulates and oily particulates from an oil-water mixture. The new filtration media comprises a microporous granular substrate having a combination of specified micro-porosity, hardness and additional characteristics, the substrate being modified by an infused or coated absorption composition. This resulting filtration media displays excellent filtration performance, including outstanding durability and robustness to sustain its excellent performance over a large number of backwash cycles.

The invention concerns biocompatible polymer systems comprising at least one polymer with a plurality of pores, said polymer comprising either polyol or zwitterionic groups designed to adsorb endotoxins and other inflammatory mediator molecules. The inventions are in the field of porous polymeric sorbents, also in the field of broadly reducing endotoxins in blood and blood products that can cause endotoxemia, additionally, in the field of broadly removing endotoxins by perfusion or hemoperfusion.

The invention relates to new compositions of polyorganic functional groups modified silica. The compositions contain a wide range of different functional groups such as mercapto, sulfide, thiourea, amines and amides in the same composition and each of these functional groups are present in an array of numerous different oligomers, configurations and stereochemistry. These functional groups have a strong affinity for metals and particular targets. Combining a high number of these functional groups together in the same composition enhances the overall binding affinity of the functionalised material. Combination with different structural configurations further enhances the capacity to bind to diverse structural variations in the targets found in actual process, product and waste streams. This multitude of binding mechanisms enables very high levels of purification and target removal as well as selectivity to be achieved in product, process and waste streams. The compounds are useful for the purification of products and for the removal of unwanted organic and inorganic compounds from product, process and waste streams, as chromatography medium for the purification and separation of metals, metal complexes and organic and biological compounds, for solid phase extraction, for solid phase synthesis, for metal mediated heterogeneous catalysis, for metal ion abstraction and for the immobilisation of bio-molecules.

The invention relates to regenerative, solid sorbents for adsorbing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, including air, with the sorbent including a modified polyamine and a solid support. The modified polyamine is the reaction product of an amine and an epoxide. The sorbent provides structural integrity, as well as high selectivity and increased capacity for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, including the air. The sorbent is regenerative, and can be used through multiple cycles of adsorption-desorption.

A method for manufacturing a carbon dioxide adsorbent includes preparing an amine aqueous solution having an amine compound concentration ranging from 5% to 70% inclusive and a temperature ranging from 10 C. to 100 C. inclusive, impregnating silica gel with the amine aqueous solution, and aeration-drying the silica gel carrying the amine compound. The silica gel has a particle size ranging from 1 mm to 5 mm inclusive, an average pore diameter ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive, and a pore volume ranging from 0.1 cm.sup.3/g to 1.3 cm.sup.3/g inclusive.