Provided are a composite material that has lower volume resistivity in comparison with SiC, SiC—Si, and the like, which are materials for forming constituent elements of an EHC, has low temperature dependence of volume resistivity, and thus is able to form a constituent element of a high-performance EHC; an electrode film, an electrode terminal, and a honeycomb substrate that are constituent elements of an EHC formed with such composite material, and a method for producing them. The composite material contains MoSi.sub.2 and at least one of Si or SiC, and is a material for forming a constituent element of an electrically heated catalytic converter. An electrode film 2, an electrode terminal 3, and a substrate 1 are produced from such composite material.

Provided are a composite material that has lower volume resistivity in comparison with SiC, SiC—Si, and the like, which are materials for forming constituent elements of an EHC, has low temperature dependence of volume resistivity, and thus is able to form a constituent element of a high-performance EHC; an electrode film, an electrode terminal, and a honeycomb substrate that are constituent elements of an EHC formed with such composite material, and a method for producing them. The composite material contains MoSi.sub.2 and at least one of Si or SiC, and is a material for forming a constituent element of an electrically heated catalytic converter. An electrode film 2, an electrode terminal 3, and a substrate 1 are produced from such composite material.

A process for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin in the presence of a molybdenum or tungsten based catalyst, comprising mixing the lignin with the catalyst and a solvent in a sealed reactor, introducing an inert gas or hydrogen to the reactor to replace oxygen therein, and heating the sealed reactor to perform a depolymerization reaction at a reaction temperature of above 200° C. to obtain liquid products, which include aromatic compounds, esters, alcohols, monophenols and benzyl alcohols.

A process for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin in the presence of a molybdenum or tungsten based catalyst, comprising mixing the lignin with the catalyst and a solvent in a sealed reactor, introducing an inert gas or hydrogen to the reactor to replace oxygen therein, and heating the sealed reactor to perform a depolymerization reaction at a reaction temperature of above 200° C. to obtain liquid products, which include aromatic compounds, esters, alcohols, monophenols and benzyl alcohols.

According to the present invention, a composite including amorphous iron molybdate islands, shows a smaller island size and a uniform distribution of islands compared with a conventional composite including crystalline islands, and thus has a higher specific surface area, thereby exhibiting excellent activity as a catalyst.

According to the present invention, a composite including amorphous iron molybdate islands, shows a smaller island size and a uniform distribution of islands compared with a conventional composite including crystalline islands, and thus has a higher specific surface area, thereby exhibiting excellent activity as a catalyst.

A method for producing at least one olefin compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (51) and a compound of formula (52), the method including reacting an olefin compound of formula (21) with a olefin compound of formula (31) in the presence of at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (11), a compound of formula (12), a compound of formula (13), a compound of formula (14), and a compound of formula (15).

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According to one or more embodiments described, a zeolite supported catalyst may be synthesized by a process that includes combining a colloidal mixture with a metal oxide support material to form a support precursor material, processing the support precursor material to form a support material, and impregnating the support material with one or more metals to form the zeolite supported catalyst. The colloidal mixture may include nano-sized zeolite crystals, and the nano-sized zeolite crystals may have an average size of less than 100 nm.

According to one or more embodiments described, a zeolite supported catalyst may be synthesized by a process that includes combining a colloidal mixture with a metal oxide support material to form a support precursor material, processing the support precursor material to form a support material, and impregnating the support material with one or more metals to form the zeolite supported catalyst. The colloidal mixture may include nano-sized zeolite crystals, and the nano-sized zeolite crystals may have an average size of less than 100 nm.

Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.