Provided herein are methods of generating hindbrain cells, including respiratory hindbrain cells, from pluripotent stem cells. Also provided are methods of generating a three-dimensional organoid comprising a population of hindbrain cells including a heterogeneous population of interneurons.

Provided herein are methods of generating hindbrain cells, including respiratory hindbrain cells, from pluripotent stem cells. Also provided are methods of generating a three-dimensional organoid comprising a population of hindbrain cells including a heterogeneous population of interneurons.

The invention relates to a catalyst system suitable for hydrogenating aromatic nitro compounds (I) to form the corresponding aromatic amines (II), the catalyst system containing, as essential constituents: a component A selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, corundum (alpha-Al.sub.2O.sub.3) and slightly porous to non-porous zirconium oxide (ZrO.sub.2); and a component B, containing B1a carrier substance selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, gamma-, delta- or theta-aluminum oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and graphite, B2a metal or a plurality of metals selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, palladium, platinum and cobalt, and optionally B3an additional metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from main group I, main group II, main group IV and sub-groups II, V, VI and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, the proportion of component A being in the range of 5 to 60 wt %, in relation to the total weight of the catalyst system, and the aromatic nitro compounds (I) being those of the general formula R(NO.sub.2).sub.n, (I), and the aromatic amines (II) being those of the general formula R(NH.sub.2).sub.n, (II), and the moieties R and indices n in formulas (I) and (II) having the following meaning: R is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic C.sub.6-C.sub.10 moiety and n is an integer from 1 to 5.

The invention relates to a catalyst system suitable for hydrogenating aromatic nitro compounds (I) to form the corresponding aromatic amines (II), the catalyst system containing, as essential constituents: a component A selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, corundum (alpha-Al.sub.2O.sub.3) and slightly porous to non-porous zirconium oxide (ZrO.sub.2); and a component B, containing B1a carrier substance selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, gamma-, delta- or theta-aluminum oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and graphite, B2a metal or a plurality of metals selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, palladium, platinum and cobalt, and optionally B3an additional metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from main group I, main group II, main group IV and sub-groups II, V, VI and VIII of the periodic table of the elements, the proportion of component A being in the range of 5 to 60 wt %, in relation to the total weight of the catalyst system, and the aromatic nitro compounds (I) being those of the general formula R(NO.sub.2).sub.n, (I), and the aromatic amines (II) being those of the general formula R(NH.sub.2).sub.n, (II), and the moieties R and indices n in formulas (I) and (II) having the following meaning: R is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic C.sub.6-C.sub.10 moiety and n is an integer from 1 to 5.