The present invention relates to a composition for use in a catalyst system in emission control systems comprising a transition alumina based material and rare earth phosphates and to a method for making same.

An organic base modified composite catalyst for producing ethylene by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component I is a metal oxide; the component II is an organic base modified zeolite of MOR topology; and a weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20, and preferably 0.3-8. The reaction process has an extremely high product yield and selectivity. The selectivity of C.sub.2-C.sub.3 olefins is as high as 78-87%; the selectivity of hydrocarbon products with more than 4 C atoms is less than 10%; the selectivity of a methane side product is extremely low (<9%); and meanwhile, the selectivity of the ethylene is 75-82%.

According to one or more embodiments, cationic polymers may be produced which include one or more monomers containing cations. Such cationic polymers may be utilized as structure directing agents to for mesoporous zeolites. The mesoporous zeolites may include micropores as well as mesopores, and may have a surface area of greater than 350 m.sup.2/g and a pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. Also described are core/shell zeolites, where at least the shell portion includes a mesoporous zeolite material.

According to one or more embodiments, cationic polymers may be produced which include one or more monomers containing cations. Such cationic polymers may be utilized as structure directing agents to for mesoporous zeolites. The mesoporous zeolites may include micropores as well as mesopores, and may have a surface area of greater than 350 m.sup.2/g and a pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. Also described are core/shell zeolites, where at least the shell portion includes a mesoporous zeolite material.

A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

A three-way catalyst article is provided for the treatment of exhaust gas from a positive ignition engine, the catalyst article comprising: a substrate having a first layer provided thereon, wherein a second layer is provided on the first layer, wherein the first layer comprises a first metal and a first alumina, and wherein the second layer comprises a second metal and a second alumina, wherein either (i) the first metal is Pd and the second metal is Rh; or (ii) the first metal is Rh and the second metal is Pd; and wherein at least one of the first and second aluminas comprises theta alumina.

Catalytic pyrolysis can upcycle waste, e.g., car bumpers, to carbon nanomaterials, preferably using synthetic TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles as catalyst during pyrolysis. Analysis of the carbon nanomaterials shows that, while RGO is produced from thermal pyrolysis of car bumper waste absent TiO.sub.2, RGO spotted with carbon dots is produced in presence of TiO.sub.2 catalyst. Rutile to anatase TiO.sub.2 phase transformation and carbon nanomaterial formation can simultaneously occur during the pyrolysis. Anatase to rutile transformation may occur while TiO.sub.2 absent the bumper material. Such TiO.sub.2-CD-RGO can be used, for example in photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, such as methylene blue.

Metal oxides-silica composite materials are synthesized by a co-precipitation method to serve as modified catalysts for converting ethanol into four-carbon hydrocarbons. The method includes mixing a liquid-phase silicon source and a metal precursor at different ratios so as to change the acid-base composition of the composite materials and thereby increase selectivity with respect to the four-carbon products.

Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

High surface area 3D mesoporous carbon nanocomposites can be derived from Zn dust and PET bottle mixed waste with a high surface area. Simultaneous transformation of Zn metal into ZnO nanoparticles and PET bottle waste to porous carbon materials can be achieved by thermal treatment at preferably 600 to 800 C., and reaction times of from 15 to 60 minutes, after optionally de-aerating the reaction mixtures with N.sub.2 gas. The waste-based carbon materials can have surface areas of 650 to 725 m.sup.2/g, e.g., 684.5 m.sup.2/g and pore size distributions of 12 to 18 nm. The carbon materials may have 3D porous dense layers with a gradient pore structure, which may have enhanced photocatalytic performance for degrading, e.g., organic dyes, such as methylene blue and malachite green. Sustainable methods make ZnO-mesoporous carbon materials from waste for applications including photocatalysis, upcycling mixed waste materials.