Hydrogen production systems and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a hydrogen production system comprises a reformer reactor that comprises a reformer reactor wall. A plurality of reformer tubes are interconnected to define a reformer lattice that has a reformer inner flow path and a reformer outer flow path. The plurality of reformer tubes are within the reformer reactor and connected to the reformer reactor wall at a plurality of discrete locations. The reformer lattice defines a combustor side that is one of the reformer inner or outer flow paths, and a reformer side that is the other of the reformer inner or outer flow paths. A reformer catalyst is positioned within the reformer side.

The present invention provides an improved process for removing heat from an exothermic reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a process wherein heat can be removed from multiple reaction trains using a common coolant system.

A production arrangement for performing a chemical reaction with a standard transport container in accordance with DIN ISO 668 for accommodating a plurality of processing units disposed inside the standard transport container for assisting and/or performing a processing basic operation, and a supply network, disposed inside the standard transport container, for supplying the processing units with material and/or power and/or information. Owing to the supply network disposed inside the standard transport container, the availability of material and/or power and/or information can be ensured over a large area of the standard transport container, such that the same standard transport container with the same supply network can be re-used for different configurations of processing units and, in the event of a modification for performing a different chemical reaction, the processing units can simply be interchanged such that different chemical reactions can be performed with little outlay.

Systems and methods for synthesizing chemical products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, are provided. Certain of the systems and methods described herein are capable of manufacturing multiple chemical products without the need to fluidically connect or disconnect unit operations when switching from one making chemical product to making another chemical product.

A heat generating system comprises two or more thermal reactors. During operation, a first thermal reactor is pressurized while a second thermal reactor is depressurized to vent unused gas and byproduct. The unused gas and byproduct from the second reactor are separated in a gas separator and the unused gas is supplied to the first reactor while the first reactor is pressurized. An exothermic reaction is triggered in the first reactor, which results in generation of heat and byproduct cluster formation. When the exothermic reaction is complete, the process is reversed and the second thermal reactor is pressurized while the first reactor is depressurized.

A box style steam methane reformer has plural sections, with each section having walls forming an interior cavity and open ends that communicate with the interior cavity. Each section has a feedstock supply pipe and a fuel supply pipe located along the top wall, as well as a syngas collection pipe and a flue gas collection duct located outside of the bottom wall. The pipes and ducts have ends that are aligned with each other to allow the sections to be assembled together. Burners are located in the interior cavity and are connected to the fuel supply pipe. Reactor tubes extend through the interior cavity. The bottom ends are supported by the syngas collection pipe and the top ends are spring supported to allow for expansion and contraction. Refractory members are located in the interior cavity and across a slot leading to the flue gas collection dust. The spacing between the refractory members varies to control the flow of flue gas.

Reaction chamber liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed. The liners include an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component, such as a probe, a sensor, a nozzle, a feed line, a sampling line, a heating/cooling component, or the like. In some embodiments, the liner is a segmented liner comprised of vertically stacked or laterally joined segments, wherein at least one segment includes an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component.

Reaction chamber liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed. The liners include an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component, such as a probe, a sensor, a nozzle, a feed line, a sampling line, a heating/cooling component, or the like. In some embodiments, the liner is a segmented liner comprised of vertically stacked or laterally joined segments, wherein at least one segment includes an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component.

Within the scope of hydrothermal carbonization, biomass is converted to bio-coal and other products. Because biomass occurs at irregular intervals at different locations and also, in part, only individual method steps are required at different locations, however, an apparatus for treatment of biomass is integrated into a variable, mobile container, and mobile containers adapted to the individual steps of the method are provided, which can be transported in compact manner and can be adapted, in terms of size, in the setup situation. This arrangement allows effective equipping of the individual containers, which can be expanded into a setup situation on location.

A tube in tube continuous glass lined metal reactor includes: concentric tubular segments; (a) outer glass lined tube and (b) an inner glass lined segment disposed in the outer glass lined tube, defining thereby an intermediate glass lined region between the inner segment and the outer tube.