The present invention provides for a system comprising a static reactor vessel which requires no moving parts, and adapted for precise control of reaction processing parameters including temperature, pressure, and flow rate; a mechanism for settling of the product phase from the salt ammonia phase and removing a significant portion of the ammonium chloride waste material; a method for recovering essentially all of the process ammonia and a method for maintaining a reaction environment which is suitably ionic/acidic.

A horizontal self-balancing supercritical reaction apparatus, comprising a pressure vessel, a high pressure air compression apparatus, and at least one reactor arranged within the pressure vessel. The reactor is internally provided with front and rear pistons, two ends of the reactor are sealed by the reactor front piston and the reactor rear piston, a pressure medium is filled between the reactor front piston and an inner wall of the pressure vessel, the reactor rear piston is connected to a rear piston driving motor by a rear piston push rod, the reactor is provided with a water inlet and a water/air outlet which are controlled by valves, the reactor is internally provided with a heating apparatus, and the high pressure air compression apparatus is connected to the inside of the reactor. The present invention utilises a pressure self-balancing system, which significantly improves the stress characteristics of the reactor.

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for manufacturing an ester-based composition which are characterized in sequentially operating a plurality of batch reactors, and since an ester-based composition is semi-continuously manufactured, the productivity is high and the stability of a batch reactor is secured.

A process for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide includes providing a solution comprising fluorosulfonic acid and urea, the solution maintained at a solution temperature from about 0° C. to about 70° C.; reacting the solution in the presence of a reaction medium at a reaction temperature from 80° C. to about 170° C. to produce a product stream including bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide, ammonium fluorosulfate and the reaction medium; separating the ammonium fluorosulfate from the product stream to produce an intermediate product stream; and separating the intermediate product stream into a concentrated product stream and a first recycle stream, the concentrated product stream including a higher concentration of bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide than the first recycle stream.

A supercritical water oxidation-flame piloted vortex reactor has a hydrothermal flame produced within the interior of the reactor fed by a fuel including a waste water stream, and has a subcritical wash stream, including water below its critical point, that creates an upward helical flow in the material within the reactor. The hydrothermal flame and upward helical flow produce within the reactor a supercritical core region, a subcritical outer region around the core region, and a transcritical intermediate region between them. The upward helical flow serves to transfer precipitated ionic compounds out of the supercritical core region, through the transcritical intermediate region, and into the subcritical outer region where they re-dissolve. A processed flow, including purified water, is removed from an upper portion of the supercritical core region by an aspirator.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide, comprising the steps of: adding thermal energy to at least one solvent; providing one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid and the at least one solvent; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water; and recovering at least part of the lactide;
wherein the step of adding thermal energy to the at least one solvent is performed prior to the step of adding the at least one solvent to the at least one reactor;
wherein the at least one solvent is provided in the at least one reactor independently from the lactic acid by a separate entry into the at least one reactor; and,
wherein the step of converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water is performed in one step.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide, comprising the steps of: adding thermal energy to at least one of one or more components; providing the one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid and at least one solvent; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water; recovering at least part of the lactide; recovering at least part of the at least one solvent; recovering at least part of the thermal energy, wherein at least part of the recovered thermal energy is recovered from the recovered solvent; and adding the recovered thermal energy to at least one of the one or more components.

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for manufacturing an ester-based composition which are characterized in sequentially operating a plurality of batch reactors, and since an ester-based composition is semi-continuously manufactured, the productivity is high and the stability of a batch reactor is secured.

A horizontal self-balancing supercritical reaction apparatus, comprising a pressure vessel, a high pressure air compression apparatus, and at least one reactor arranged within the pressure vessel. The reactor is internally provided with front and rear pistons, two ends of the reactor are sealed by the reactor front piston and the reactor rear piston, a pressure medium is filled between the reactor front piston and an inner wall of the pressure vessel, the reactor rear piston is connected to a rear piston driving motor by a rear piston push rod, the reactor is provided with a water inlet and a water/air outlet which are controlled by valves, the reactor is internally provided with a heating apparatus, and the high pressure air compression apparatus is connected to the inside of the reactor. The present invention utilises a pressure self-balancing system, which significantly improves the stress characteristics of the reactor.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide comprising the steps of: providing one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water and into lactic acid oligomers; recovering at least part of the lactide; recovering at least part of the water and at least part of the lactic acid oligomers; adding a feed, optionally comprising lactic acid oligomers, and optionally comprising water, to the recovered water and the recovered lactic acid oligomers, and mixing the feed with the recovered water and the recovered lactic acid oligomers to form a mixture; converting at least part of the lactic acid oligomers in the mixture into lactic acid and into lactic acid dimer; and removing at least part of the water from the mixture;
whereby at least part of the remainder of the mixture is provided as one of the one or more components that are provided to the at least one reactor; and, wherein the step of converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water is performed in one step.