An automatic preparation method of a fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate is provided via an automatic preparation device. In the preparation method, the automatic preparation of three components (D+EF+GH) is realized through automatic sampling and monitoring, and a fully-protected fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate (shown in formula I) is obtained. In this way, automatic synthesis of the fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate is realized, which saves manpower and improves efficiency and productivity, and has high safety and reproducibility. The preparation method can be directly monitored online, which is convenient for optimizing and monitoring a real-time status of reactions. Furthermore, automatic temperature control can better meet the needs of the reactions for temperature rise and fall. The preparation method adopts a pre-activation one-pot mode, which reduces the number of separations and is easy to operate. Moreover, the method selects commonly-used ester protecting groups, has higher stereoselectivity and yield, and can use general-purpose deprotection measures.

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process.

Apparatuses, devices and methods for creating a high level disinfectant, comprising peracetic acid for disinfecting medical devices are disclosed. The peracetic acid solution is made from a reaction of tetraacetylethylenecUamine powder, sodium percarbonate, and citric acid moHohydrate in water.

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process.

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process.

Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure are directed to apparatuses used for reaction screening and optimization purposes. An example apparatus includes a plurality of reaction vessels, a dispensing subsystem, at least one reactor module, an analysis subsystem, an automation subsystem, and control circuitry. The dispensing subsystem delivers reagents to the plurality of reaction vessels for a plurality of reaction mixtures having varied reaction conditions. The at least one reactor module drives a plurality of reactions within the plurality of reaction vessels. The analysis subsystem analyzes compositions contained in the plurality of reaction vessels. The automation subsystem selectively moves the plurality of reaction vessels from a location proximal to the dispensing subsystem to the at least one reactor module based on experimental design parameters. And, the control circuitry identifies optimum reaction conditions for a target end product based on the analysis.

There is provided a sol-gel chip using a porous substrate for entrapping small molecules and a method for screening a small molecule-specific material using the same, and more particularly, a porous substrate sol-gel chip characterized in that a sol-gel composition for entrapping small molecules is spotted on a surface of the porous substrate, a method for manufacturing the porous substrate sol-gel chip for entrapping small molecules, and a method for screening a material specifically binding to the small molecules using the porous substrate sol-gel chip for entrapping small molecules. According to the present invention, the small molecules can be effectively entrapped in the chip and the inflow of aptamers can be maintained as compared with the existing methods and thus aptamers specific to an extensive range of small molecules can be more easily selected.

Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for conducting multiple simultaneous micro-volume chemical and biochemical reactions in an array format. In one embodiment, the format comprises an array of microholes in a substrate. Besides serving as an ordered array of sample chambers allowing the performance of multiple parallel reactions, the arrays can be used for reagent storage and transfer, library display, reagent synthesis, assembly of multiple identical reactions, dilution and desalting. Use of the arrays facilitates optical analysis of reactions, and allows optical analysis to be conducted in real time. Included within the invention are kits comprising a microhole apparatus and a reaction component of the method(s) to be carried out in the apparatus.

Systems and methods for using solid high-level disinfection chemistries to producing disinfectant solutions. In an embodiment, an apparatus comprises: a first container and a second container. The first container is configured to receive water, sodium percarbonate and tetraacetylethylenediamine. The water, the sodium percarbonate, the tetraacetylethylenediamine react within the first container to produce a mixture comprising peroxyacetic acid. The second container is in fluid communication with the first container, wherein the second container is configured to receive an acid and the mixture. The mixture and the acid mix in the second container to produce a disinfectant solution having a pH between 5.0 and 7.0.

Apparatuses, devices and methods for creating a high level disinfectant, comprising peracetic acid for disinfecting medical devices are disclosed. The peracetic acid solution is made from a reaction of tetraacetylethylenecUamine powder, sodium percarbonate, and citric acid moHohydrate in water.