A refuse vehicle includes a vehicle chassis and an all-electric vehicle body on the chassis. The body includes a hopper, a refuse storage container, and a plurality of electrically powered body systems. The body systems include an electrically actuated tailgate, an electrically actuated refuse loading assembly, and an electrically actuated refuse packing assembly configured to remove refuse from the hopper and to pack said refuse in the storage container. The vehicle (e.g., vehicle body) further includes a power management module configured to regulate energy usage of the body systems and/or to record and track electrical energy usage in the body systems.

A refuse vehicle includes a vehicle chassis and an all-electric vehicle body on the chassis. The body includes a hopper, a refuse storage container, and a plurality of electrically powered body systems. The body systems include an electrically actuated tailgate, an electrically actuated refuse loading assembly, and an electrically actuated refuse packing assembly configured to remove refuse from the hopper and to pack said refuse in the storage container. The vehicle (e.g., vehicle body) further includes a power management module configured to regulate energy usage of the body systems and/or to record and track electrical energy usage in the body systems.

An ECU switches a control mode to an HV mode when an SOC decreases to a lower limit during an EV mode. The ECU calculates an evaluation value ΣD of high-rate deterioration indicating a deterioration component of a secondary battery due to non-uniformity in salt concentration in a battery. The ECU executes high-rate deterioration inhibiting control when the HV mode is currently selected and when the battery is evaluated as deteriorating based on the evaluation value ΣD, the high-rate deterioration inhibiting control being control for increasing the SOC by making a control target of the SOC higher than the lower limit of the SOC. On the other hand, the ECU does not execute the high-rate deterioration inhibiting control when the EV mode is currently selected.

An ECU switches a control mode to an HV mode when an SOC decreases to a lower limit during an EV mode. The ECU calculates an evaluation value ΣD of high-rate deterioration indicating a deterioration component of a secondary battery due to non-uniformity in salt concentration in a battery. The ECU executes high-rate deterioration inhibiting control when the HV mode is currently selected and when the battery is evaluated as deteriorating based on the evaluation value ΣD, the high-rate deterioration inhibiting control being control for increasing the SOC by making a control target of the SOC higher than the lower limit of the SOC. On the other hand, the ECU does not execute the high-rate deterioration inhibiting control when the EV mode is currently selected.

An energy management control module is configured for communication with the vehicle controller. The energy management control module is configured to generate generator command data for the generator in a power command mode. In one embodiment, the energy management control module supports a first mode and a second mode. A first mode comprises the power command mode and a stored power extraction mode that are mutually exclusive modes for any sampling interval. In the power command mode of the first mode, the energy management controller is configured to generate generator command data for the generator based on a commanded motor torque and an energy storage power command (e.g., SOC command data) if the primary rotational energy of the internal combustion engine meets or exceeds the total vehicle load for a sampling interval.

The power supply system includes a plurality of power supply apparatuses configured to transmit power to vehicles by non-contact. The plurality of power supply apparatuses includes a first power supply apparatus installed in a first region positioned on a road directly connected to an exit of an area in which operation of internal combustion engines is prohibited or restricted and where an amount of traffic of vehicles at least temporarily becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, and a second power supply apparatus installed in a second region different from the first region. An amount of power supplied from the first power supply apparatus to a vehicle is made greater than an amount of power supplied from the second power supply apparatus to a vehicle.

The power supply system includes a plurality of power supply apparatuses installed at a road at surroundings of an area in which operation of internal combustion engines is prohibited or restricted and configured so as to transmit power to vehicles by non-contact. The plurality of power supply apparatuses include a first power supply apparatus installed at a first point where a distance of a running route up to an entrance of the area or a straight route up to the entrance or a boundary of the area is equal to or less than a predetermined distance, and a second power supply apparatus installed at a second point where the distance is greater than the predetermined distance. An amount of power supply to a vehicle from the first power supply apparatus is made greater than an amount of power supply to a vehicle from the second power supply apparatus.

One example provides a battery pack for an electric vehicle. The battery pack includes a plurality of rechargeable battery modules, an enclosure defining an interior space in which the plurality of rechargeable battery modules are enclosed, and a charging port mounted to the enclosure, the charging port electrically connected within the enclosure to the plurality of rechargeable battery modules, the charging port accessible from an exterior of the enclosure and configured to electrically connect an external electrical charging source to the plurality of rechargeable battery modules.

One example provides a battery pack for an electric vehicle. The battery pack includes a plurality of rechargeable battery modules, an enclosure defining an interior space in which the plurality of rechargeable battery modules are enclosed, and a charging port mounted to the enclosure, the charging port electrically connected within the enclosure to the plurality of rechargeable battery modules, the charging port accessible from an exterior of the enclosure and configured to electrically connect an external electrical charging source to the plurality of rechargeable battery modules.

Provided is a battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a particle-containing resin layer that contains particles and a resin. A shape of the particles includes a plane, a plane rate of the particles is greater than 40% and equal to or less than 100%, and a refractive index of the particles is equal to or greater than 1.3 and less than 2.4.