An abatement method is disclosed. The method comprises: supplying a combustion chamber of an abatement apparatus with an effluent stream containing a perfluoro compound, together with combustion reagents and a diluent; heating a combustion zone of said combustion chamber by reacting said combustion reagents to perform abatement of said perfluoro compound to stable by-products, said diluent being selected to remain inert during said abatement. In this way, the perfluoro or other compound is abated in the combustion chamber during the combustion of the combustion reagents, but without creating undesirable compounds such as, for example, NOx or other compounds.

One aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising a single-stage conversion of an atmospheric pollutant, such as NO, NO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.x in a first stream to one or more mineral acids and/or salts thereof by reacting with nonionic gas phase chlorine dioxide (ClO.sub.2.sup.0), wherein the reaction is carried out in the gas phase. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising first adjusting the atmospheric pollutant concentrations in a first stream to a molar ratio of about 1:1, and then reacting with an aqueous metal hydroxide solution (MOH). Another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus that can be used to carry out the methods disclosed herein. The methods disclosed herein are unexpectedly efficient and cost effective, and can be applied to a stream comprising high concentration and large volume of atmospheric pollutants.

One aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising a single-stage conversion of an atmospheric pollutant, such as NO, NO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.x in a first stream to one or more mineral acids and/or salts thereof by reacting with nonionic gas phase chlorine dioxide (ClO.sub.2.sup.0), wherein the reaction is carried out in the gas phase. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising first adjusting the atmospheric pollutant concentrations in a first stream to a molar ratio of about 1:1, and then reacting with an aqueous metal hydroxide solution (MOH). Another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus that can be used to carry out the methods disclosed herein. The methods disclosed herein are unexpectedly efficient and cost effective, and can be applied to a stream comprising high concentration and large volume of atmospheric pollutants.

A waste water processing system includes an upflow contacting column having a flue gas input for receiving flue gas having a temperature of at least 500 degrees F., a waste water input, and a flue gas output. The waste water input is coupled to a fluid injector, e.g., atomizing nozzles, positioned in the throat of a Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column or in a sidewall of the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column. The flue gas in the upflow contacting column has a high velocity, e.g., a gas velocity exceeding 65 fps in the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column at a position where the fluid injector is located. Drying additives such as recycled ash, lime, and/or cement may be, and sometimes are, input into the upflow contacting column downstream of the waste water input.

Proposed is a system for capturing carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide for ships that can capture carbon dioxide in flue gas using a basic alkaline mixture and use the captured carbon dioxide to capture sulfur oxides in the flue gas. The carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide capture system for ships uses sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate prepared from the captured carbon dioxide as a desulfurization agent to capture sulfur oxides in the flue gas discharged from ships, thereby simultaneously producing carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides in one system.

Proposed is a system for capturing carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide for ships that can capture carbon dioxide in flue gas using a basic alkaline mixture and use the captured carbon dioxide to capture sulfur oxides in the flue gas. The carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide capture system for ships uses sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate prepared from the captured carbon dioxide as a desulfurization agent to capture sulfur oxides in the flue gas discharged from ships, thereby simultaneously producing carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides in one system.

Atmospheric pollutants are efficiently separated from exhaust gas with low operating cost. The exhaust gas cleaning method forms a fine mist of aqueous alkaline solution with an atomizer in an atomizing step; mixes the aqueous alkaline solution mist with exhaust gas to absorb atmospheric pollutants contained in the exhaust gas into the mist in a mixing step; and separates mist that absorbed atmospheric pollutants from the exhaust gas in a separating step.

Systems and apparatuses for neutralizing acidic compounds in flue gases emitted from a heat recovery coke oven. A representative system includes a spray dry absorber having a barrel that includes a plurality of wall plates that form sidewalls of the barrel. The wall plates include a steel plate and a corrosion resistant alloy cladded to the steel plate and the wall plates are oriented such that the corrosion resistant alloy faces toward and is in fluid communication with an interior area of the barrel. The alloy is resistant to corrosion caused by the acidic compounds in the flue gas and can prevent the steel plate from being corroded by these acidic compounds.

Systems and apparatuses for neutralizing acidic compounds in flue gases emitted from a heat recovery coke oven. A representative system includes a spray dry absorber having a barrel that includes a plurality of wall plates that form sidewalls of the barrel. The wall plates include a steel plate and a corrosion resistant alloy cladded to the steel plate and the wall plates are oriented such that the corrosion resistant alloy faces toward and is in fluid communication with an interior area of the barrel. The alloy is resistant to corrosion caused by the acidic compounds in the flue gas and can prevent the steel plate from being corroded by these acidic compounds.

According to one embodiment, a silicon-containing product forming apparatus includes a reaction chamber, an emission path, a process liquid tank, a supplier, and a flow path switcher. The emission path emits an emission material from the reaction chamber. The supplier includes a supply line configured to supply a process liquid to the emission path from the process liquid tank, and a byproduct generated by reaction is treated in the emission path by the supplied process liquid. The flow path switcher switches the communication state of the emission path with each of the reaction chamber and the supply line of the supplier.