Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter- plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter- plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The said device has at least means of supplying gaseous hydrocarbon medium to be purified and oxygen-containing gas into the reactor, and a means of outletting the purified gas from the reactor. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down up to 0.001 ppm.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of raw gaseous hydrocarbons (including natural gas, tail gas, technological gas, etc, including gaseous media). It can be used for simultaneous dehydration and desulfurization/demercaptanization of any kind of raw gaseous hydrocarbons.

The process for configuring or reconfiguring a sulfur removal plant having a plurality of Claus units that is greater than the number of downstream tail gas treating units (TGTUs) is disclosed. The process allows for the regeneration of one of the Claus units without shutting down any of the downstream TGTUs or the other Claus units. Specifically, the regeneration tail gas can be diverted to the reaction furnace of an in-service Claus unit, thereby allowing excess oxygen to be used to regenerate the Claus unit more efficiently, and without exceeding environmental SO2 emission requirements.

A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of raw gaseous hydrocarbons (including natural gas, tail gas, technological gas, etc., including gaseous media). It can be used for simultaneous dehydration and desulfurization/demercaptanization of any kind of raw gaseous hydrocarbons.

A gas clean-up unit includes a first conversion unit configured to perform a first conversion process of converting hydrogen cyanide contained in gas to be treated to ammonia, in presence of a first catalyst and at a first predetermined temperature; a second conversion unit configured to perform a second conversion process of converting carbonyl sulfide in the gas that has been subjected to the first conversion process to hydrogen sulfide, in presence of a second catalyst and at a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature; a cleaning unit configured to perform a cleaning process of bringing the gas into gas-liquid contact with cleaning liquid to remove the ammonia by cleaning; and a desulfurization unit configured to absorb and remove hydrogen sulfide in the gas by bringing the gas that has been subjected to the cleaning process into gas-liquid contact with absorbent.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of raw gaseous hydrocarbons (including natural gas, tail gas, technological gas, etc, including gaseous media). It can be used for simultaneous dehydration and desulfurization/demercaptanization of any kind of raw gaseous hydrocarbons.

The invention is related to the sphere technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. It can be used for purification of any gaseous hydrocarbon medium. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is effectively a single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down to 0.001 ppm while leaving no toxic waste.

Oxygen is removed from a gas feed such as a landfill gas, a digester gas or an industrial CO.sub.2 off-gas by removing sulfur-containing compounds and siloxanes from the feed gas, heating the feed gas, injecting one or more reactants for oxygen conversion into the heated feed gas, carrying out a selective catalytic oxygen conversion in at least onesuitable reactor and cleaning the resulting oxygen-depleted gas. The reactants to be injected comprise one or more of H.sub.2, CO, ammonia, urea, methanol, ethanol and dimethylether (DME).