To provide an oxygen storage material that is capable of exhibiting an excellent oxygen storage capacity (OSC) even at a low temperature of about 300 C. and has a sufficiently high efficiency of use of cerium contained therein. An oxygen storage material including a ceria-zirconia-copper oxide-based composite oxide that contains cerium, zirconium, and copper, in which at least part of the copper is solid-dissolved in a composite oxide of the cerium and the zirconium, the ceria-zirconia-copper oxide-based composite oxide has a composition expressed by the following chemical formula (1):
Ce.sub.xZr.sub.yCu.sub.zO.sub.2-z(1) where x, y, and z are numbers each satisfying conditions of x=0.3 to 0.7, y=0.15 to 0.7 (exclusive of y=0.7), z=0 to 0.15 (exclusive of z=0), and x+y+z=1, and a specific surface area of the ceria-zirconia-copper oxide-based composite oxide is 2 to 50 m.sup.2/g.

A vehicle includes an engine, a fueling system, an exhaust assembly, and a controller. The fueling system controls fuel to the engine. The exhaust assembly releases combustion gas from the engine and includes at least one sensor and a catalytic converter. The controller is configured to control the engine, the fueling system and the exhaust assembly. The controller evaluates engine state and an output from the at least one sensor and commands a fueling strategy to control an oxygen storage capacity of the catalytic converter based on the engine state and output from the at least one sensor.

The invention provides a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst effective in the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the SCR catalyst comprising a metal-promoted molecular sieve promoted with a metal selected from iron, copper, and combinations thereof, wherein the metal is present in an amount of 2.6% by weight or less on an oxide basis based on the total weight of the metal-promoted molecular sieve. A catalyst article, an exhaust gas treatment system method, and a method treating an exhaust gas stream, each comprising the SCR catalyst of the invention, are also provided. The SCR catalyst is particularly useful for treatment of exhaust from a lean burn gasoline engine.

When stopping combustion in a cylinder under a situation in which the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine having an ignition device is rotating, a controller executes a fuel introduction process of injecting fuel from a fuel injection valve and introducing the fuel from inside the cylinder to the exhaust passage without burning the fuel. Also, the controller executes a storing process before starting the fuel introduction process. In the storing process, the controller stores oxygen in a three-way catalyst by executing a fuel cutoff process of stopping fuel injection of the fuel injection valve under a situation in which the crankshaft is rotating.

A passive NO.sub.x adsorber is disclosed. The passive NO.sub.x adsorber is effective to adsorb NO.sub.x at or below a low temperature and release the adsorbed NO.sub.x at temperatures above the low temperature. The passive NO.sub.x adsorber comprises a noble metal and a molecular sieve having an LTL Framework Type. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the passive NO.sub.x adsorber, and a method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine utilizing the passive NO.sub.x adsorber.

This invention provides a multinary solid solution fine particle represented by Pd.sub.xRu.sub.yM.sub.z (M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Rh, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au and Ir. x+y+z=1, x+y=0.01 to 0.99, z=0.99 to 0.01, x:y=0.1:0.9 to 0.9:0.1), a method for producing the same, and a supported catalyst.

A catalytic wall-flow filter with improved ammonia emission control, and its use in an exhaust system for gasoline engines, are disclosed. The catalytic wall-flow filter comprises a wall-flow filter substrate; a first catalyst coated on the first plurality of channels, wherein the first catalyst comprises a zeolite; and a second catalyst coated on the second plurality of channels. The second catalyst comprises a platinum group metal (PGM) component, an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) material, and an inorganic oxide support.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions effective for carrying out three-way conversion including platinum group metal nanoparticles (e.g., nanoparticles of Pt, Pd, Au, Ru, Rh, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof), the nanoparticles having an average particle size of 15 to 50 nm, wherein the nanoparticles are dispersed on a refractory metal oxide component. In some such catalyst compositions, a significant portion, e.g., at least 90% of the nanoparticles have a particle size within this range. Methods of preparing, and using such catalyst compositions as well as catalyst articles and emission treatment systems comprising such catalyst compositions are also provided herein.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent having high hydrocarbon adsorbing properties even after exposed to a high temperature/high humidity reducing atmosphere, includes a FAU type zeolite having in ESR measurement a spin concentration of a least 1.010{circumflex over ()}19 (spins/g) and a ratio of a peak intensity at a magnetic field of at least 260 mT and at most 270 mT to a peak intensity at a magnetic field of at least 300 mT and at most 320 mT of at least 0.25 and at most 0.50 and containing bivalent copper. The hydrocarbon adsorbent may be used for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons to be exposed to a high temperature/high humidity environment, and may be used particularly for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, such as an automobile exhaust gas.

An internal combustion engine 1 is provided, in an exhaust passage thereof with an electrochemical reactor including: an ion conductive solid electrolyte layer; an anode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer; and a cathode layer arranged on a surface of the solid electrolyte layer and able to hold NO.sub.X. The engine includes a current control device for controlling the current supplied to the electrochemical reactor so as to flow from the anode layer through the solid electrolyte layer to the cathode layer. The current control device is configured so as to supply current to the electrochemical reactor at least temporarily while that internal combustion engine is stopped.