Herein are disclosed compositions of matter, processes of manufacture and processes of use of solid state admixtures that include an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof. The composition can include solid state inorganic bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide and sodium sesquicarbonate) and/or gaseous bases (e.g., ammonia) and, optionally, a support material for one or more of the inorganic base and sulfide. The compositions are useful for capturing environmental contaminants, for example, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant.

A capture mass for heavy metals, in particular mercury, contained in a gaseous or liquid feed, said mass comprising: copper which is present at least in part in the sulphide form, Cu.sub.xS.sub.y; a porous support based on alumina;
characterized in that said porous support has a total pore volume (TPV) in the range 0.8 to 1.5 cm.sup.3/g, a mesopore volume (V.sub.6nm-100nm) in the range 0.5 to 1.3 cm.sup.3/g, and a macropore volume (V.sub.100nm) in the range 0.33 to 0.45 cm.sup.3/g,
it being understood that the ratio between the mesopore volume and the macropore volume (V.sub.6nm-100nm/V.sub.100nm) is in the range 1 to 5.

Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species from input flows in a modular unit.

A sorbent precursor is described comprising agglomerates of an inert particulate support material, the agglomerates being bound together with a binder comprising cement and/or clay, said binder being characterized as an agglomerate binder, wherein (a) the agglomerates are coated with a surface layer coating comprising a particulate copper compound and one or more coating binders, and (b) the surface layer has a thickness in a range of from 1 to 1000 m. The sorbent precursor may be sulphided to prepare a sorbent for removing heavy metals from fluid streams.

This disclosure describes a composite filter aid containing a structured composite material formed by agglomerating an mineral with a protein-adsorbing binder, in which structured composite material includes a particle of the protein-adsorbing binder bonded to a plurality of particles of the mineral, and a permeability of the structured composite material is greater than permeabilities of both of the mineral and the protein-adsorbing binder. Also disclosed herein are processes for making composite filter aids and filtering methods using the composite filter aids.

Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species from input flows in a modular unit.

An engine control system configured to operate an engine is configured to predict an expected duty cycle including an expected demand from the engine, and calculate two or more future operating conditions, each future operating condition including engine control parameters that, when used to control the engine, are expected to result in the engine meeting the expected demand. One of the future operating conditions is selected, and a present operation of the engine is adjusted in response to the selected future operating condition. A vehicle and/or offroad diesel apparatus may comprise the engine control system.

Provided are a noble metal adsorbent, a method for recovering a noble metal, and a method for regenerating a noble metal adsorbent that can easily recover noble metal while high adsorption performance for noble metals is achieved. The noble metal adsorbent according to the present invention includes a metal sulfide. The metal sulfide is constituted of, for example, molybdenum disulfide particles. The method for recovering a noble metal according to the present invention includes adsorbing a noble metal onto the noble metal adsorbent, and thereafter heating and volatilizing the noble metal adsorbent in the presence of oxygen to recover the noble metal.

Provided are sorbents and associated methods and systems for removing mercury from process gases or fluid streams. The sorbents may include activated carbon and pyrite. The sorbents may optionally include one or more additives, such as a halide salt.

Methods of sulfurizing metal containing particles in the absence of hydrogen are described. One method includes contacting a bed of metal containing particles with a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and inert gas under reaction conditions sufficient to produce sulfided metal containing particles. The gaseous stream is introduced into a vertical reactor at an inlet positioned at the bottom portion of the reactor and any unreacted hydrogen sulfide and inert gas is removed at an outlet positioned above the inlet. The sulfided metal containing particles can be removed from the reactor and stored.