Effect of the type of ZPGM material composition to improve thermal stability of ZPGM catalyst systems for TWC application is disclosed. ZPGM catalyst system samples are prepared and configured with washcoat on ceramic substrate, overcoat including doped Zirconia support oxide, and impregnation layer including either Cu.sub.1Mn.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel or Cu.sub.1Co.sub.1Mn.sub.1O.sub.4 spinel. Testing of ZPGM catalyst samples including variations of aging temperatures and different impregnation layer materials are developed under isothermal steady state sweep test condition for ZPGM catalyst systems to evaluate performance especially NO.sub.x conversions and level of thermal stability. As a result disclosed ZPGM catalyst systems with most suitable spinel that includes Cu.sub.1Co.sub.1Mn.sub.1O.sub.4 in impregnation layer exhibit high NOx conversion and significant improved thermal stability compare to Cu.sub.1Mn.sub.2O.sub.4 spinel, which is suitable for under floor and close coupled TWC application. The effect of adding Co to Cu—Mn spinel composition to improve thermal stability confirmed by TPR measurement.

The present invention provides a catalyst for production of nitric oxide from ammonia and oxygen. The catalyst has the composition A.sub.3-xB.sub.xO.sub.9-y, wherein A and B are selected from the group Mn, Co, Cr, Fe and Al, x is between 0 and 3 and y is between 0 and 6. The catalyst has a high selectivity towards nitric oxide and a low ignition temperature in the reactor. Further the present invention relates to a method for the production of gas comprising nitric oxide by the catalyst of the present invention. The produced gas has a low content of nitrous oxide.

The disclosure provides an improved endothermic hydrocarbon conversion process that comprises reacting a hydrocarbon with a multi-component catalyst bed, and regenerating the catalyst bed with air, where the air used in regeneration step and hydrocarbon are at low air to hydrocarbon ratios and optionally at near-atmospheric pressures.

In an oxychlorination process of the type where ethylene is converted to 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of a supported copper catalyst, the improvement comprising: the use of a supported catalyst prepared by (i) impregnating, within a first step, an alumina support with a first aqueous solution including copper, to thereby form a first catalyst component; and (ii) impregnating, within a subsequent step, the first catalyst component with a second aqueous solution including copper and alkaline earth metal, to thereby form the supported catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to metal oxide catalyst materials useful, for example, in the ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene, processes for making them, and processes for making acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile using such catalyst materials. In certain aspects, a catalyst material is a fused composite of a metal oxide catalyst and nanoparticulate silica, the nanoparticulate silica comprising in the range of about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % of silica having a particle size in the range of 10 nm to 35 nm, and in the range of about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % of silica having a particle size in the range of 36 nm to 80 nm. The metal oxide catalyst can be, for example, a molybdenum-containing mixed metal oxide catalyst.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparation of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed reactor, a method of preparing the same, and use of the same, wherein a method according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: reacting a metal precursor with an alkaline substance to obtain a slurry containing insoluble compound, followed by filtering and washing the slurry; adding a binder and deionized water, followed by agitation to regulate the solid content of the slurry to 10-50%; subjecting the slurry to spray drying granulation, wherein the temperature at the feed port is controlled between 200-400° C., and the temperature at the discharge port is controlled between 100-160° C., to obtain catalyst microspheres; and drying the catalyst microspheres at 80-200° C. for 1-24 h, and then calcining the catalyst microspheres at 500-900° C. for 4-24 h to obtain a catalyst having a general formula of FeXaYbZcOd, comprising Fe, Mg, Zn, Bi, Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Ba, Ca, and other metals. The catalyst microspheres prepared according to the exemplary method exhibit high mobility, desirable particle size distribution, extremely high mechanical strength and catalytic activity, and are applicable to industrial production of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed. When this catalyst is used to prepare butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene, the yield of butadiene is 76-86%, and the selectivity to butadiene is 94-97%.

The invention relates to a method to start up a Fischer-Tropsch process. A catalyst with a latent activity is used. The catalyst comprises titania, cobalt, promoter, and chlorine. The catalyst comprises more than 0.7 and less than 4 weight percent of the element chlorine, calculated on the total weight of the catalyst.

Described is a process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol by reacting 1-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)ethanone with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising cop-per and one or more metals other than copper, and a use of a respective composition and/or of a pre-composition, the pre-composition comprising a mixture of oxides of copper and oxides of one or more metals other than copper, in a catalytic hydrogenation process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol from 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanone.

The present invention describes the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts of mixed oxides based upon niobium and mixed oxides of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and/or aluminum, originating from hydrotalcites (HTs) as precursor phase of heterogeneous catalysts, and application thereof in the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for the production of metal free bis(hydroxy)ethylene (BHET) monomers and oligomers having a processing performance similar to that of the homogeneous catalysis system.

The invention relates to Cu—Al—Mn shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form, and to a process for their preparation. The shaped catalyst body is suitable for the hydrogenation of organic compounds containing a carbonyl function, in particular for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids and/or their esters. In particular, the shaped catalyst body is suitable for the hydrogenation of fatty acids or their esters, such as fatty acid methyl esters, to form the corresponding alcohols and dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, such as maleic anhydride, or esters of di-acids and di-alcohols, such as butane diol.