The method includes the step of passing an electric current through at least one wire that is situated between a carcass of a tire casing and a tread. The method also includes the step of calculating a value of a temperature of the wire as a function of a relative value of the current. The method proceeds with the step of controlling the current as a function of the temperature value calculated.

A plurality of embodiments of a method and apparatus for retreading individual tires using one or more electrical heating bands and a component or device to apply a force to the retread tire package comprising a new or used core and a new retread along with an adhesive. In particular, the force may be applied using one or more plates that are connected to actuators for pushing the plates into the retread package to apply the force during curing of the package.

The invention relates to a commercial vehicle tire which is cold-retreadable and comprises sidewalls (5), belt plies (2a) and a profiled tread (1) with shoulder flanks (8a) located outside the ground contact area and running to the sidewalls (5), wherein a buffing indicator (9, 9, 9) for indicating the buffing depth is provided on at least one shoulder flank (8a), running around in the circumferential direction, possibly interrupted in some portions and formed by a multiplicity of elevations (10), wherein the elevations (10) have with respect to the level of the shoulder flank (8a) a maximum thickness, determined perpendicularly to this level, of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.

The elevations (10) of the buffing indicator (9, 9, 9) are dome-shaped and have a circular base area with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.

Tire-buffing system constituted by a robotic arm (1) with angular interpolation movements with the aim of providing a modular machine capable of allowing greater amplitude of movements. The range of the movement is particularly optimized on the part of the scraping tool (5) which is installed at the end of a robotized arm (1). The buffing system is controlled via a control panel including a controller and the robotic arm is provided with at least three articulations (2) (3) (4) and two arms (12) (13) to approach automatically towards a tire to be buffed. Said tire (7) (8) (9) is supported by a rotary mandrel (6) (10) fixed independently of the robotic arm.

An assembly (10) for positioning sensors within a tire is provided that has first and second bead sensors (14,16), and first and second side-wall/shoulder sensors (18, 20). A first actuator (30) moves the sensors in a radial direction of the tire, and a second actuator (32) moves the first and second bead sensors in the axial direction of the tire. A third actuator (34) is present and moves the first and second bead sensors in the axial direction relative to the first and second sidewall/shoulder sensors. A fourth actuator (36) moves the first and second bead sensors in the axial direction relative to one another, and a fifth actuator (38) moves the first and second sidewall/shoulder sensors in the axial direction relative to one another.

Method and station for the skiving of the equatorial surface of the casing of a pneumatic tire during a retreading process of the same pneumatic tire; the old worn tread is removed from the pneumatic tire in order to expose the equatorial surface of the casing of the pneumatic tire; the presence of any damage on the equatorial surface of the casing is identified by capturing a three-dimensional profile of the equatorial surface of the casing by means of a laser type profilometer and by analyzing the same three-dimensional profile; and the equatorial surface of the casing is skived where there is damage resulting from the formation of craters on the equatorial surface.

A plurality of embodiments of a method and apparatus for retreading individual tires using one or more electrical heating bands and a component or device to apply a force to the retread tire package comprising a new or used core and a new retread along with an adhesive. In particular, the force may be applied using one or more plates that are connected to actuators for pushing the plates into the retread package to apply the force during curing of the package.

Systems and methods of buffing tire casings are provided. A tire buffing machine includes a tire hub assembly selectively rotating a mounted casing, a buffer configured to buff the casing, a tire belt detection apparatus having two or more sensors to detect a first belt depth of one or more belts at a first lateral position in a tire casing and a second belt depth of the one or more belts at a second lateral position within the tire casing, and an electronic controller. The controller determines the first belt depth and the second belt depth using a belt detection apparatus having two or more sensors of the belt detection apparatus and adjusts the operation of the buffer based on the first belt depth or the second belt depth.

A method for increasing effective skid depth on a retreaded tire is provided along with a retreaded tire assembly. A kit for increasing effective skid depth of a retreaded tire is also provided.

A flux leakage detection system and a method for providing a quality indicator for a flux leakage detection system are provided.