A counter-current cross-flow heat exchanger for heating a first gas and cooling a second gas, includes modules in fluid communication with one another, each module being positioned on a plane, the planes mutually overlapping. Conduits allow entry and exit of the first and second gases into and out of the exchanger. Each module has heat exchange plates, with heating and cooling faces. The plates are orthogonal to the module plane and parallel to define alternating heating and cooling spaces. The first gas crosses each heating space with a direction substantially parallel to the plane of each module and the second gas crosses each cooling space with a direction substantially orthogonal to the plane of each module. The cooling spaces between adjacent modules are in direct fluid communication. The heating spaces between adjacent modules are in fluid communication with one another by conduits/conveyors, creating a serpentine path.

Systems and methods for increasing removal efficiency of at least one filter medium. In some embodiments, at least one oxidizing agent is introduced into the flue gas stream, so as to react SO2 with the at least one oxidizing agent to form sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof. Some of the embodiments further include introducing ammonia (NH3) and or dry sorbent into the flue gas stream, so as to react at least some of the sulfur trioxide (SO3), at least some of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or any combination thereof, with the ammonia (NH3) and form at least one salt.

A system and method for cleaning, conditioning, and/or rejuvenating carbon-based sorbents is disclosed where a chemical cleaning process is used to separate contaminants from the sorbent. The contaminants can be disposed of or recycled for industrial uses. The cleaned and/or rejuvenated carbon-based sorbent is recycled back into a reverse venturi shaped fluidized bed apparatus for later use. Spent carbon-based sorbent can be routed for appropriate disposal. The carbon-based sorbents include, but are not limited to, activated carbon sorbent and biochar sorbent. Optionally, the sorbents can be processed through the system prior to exposure to contaminated emissions to enhance and increase the porosity of the outer surface of the sorbents.

An emissions control system including a fluidized bed apparatus containing a reactive sorbent material is disclosed for gaseous and non-gaseous contaminated emissions. The reactive sorbent material may be CZTS, CZTS-Alloy, or a CZTS-Mixture sorbent material. The fluidized bed apparatus is configured with one or more closed loop sorbent recycling subsystems. The sorbent recycling subsystems include the capability to separate sorbents from each other, separate contaminates from sorbents for disposal and/or recycling, clean and/or rejuvenate sorbents for return to the fluidized bed apparatus, dispose of spent and exhausted sorbents, and replace the spent and exhausted sorbents with new sorbent to maintain consistent sorbent function in the fluidized bed apparatus. Monitoring sensors provide information useful in a method for establishing and maintaining consistent process parameter controls.

A flow-through solid catalyst formed by coating a zeolite material on a metal or ceramic solid substrate. In some embodiments, the solid substrate is formed as flat plates, corrugated plates, or honeycomb blocks.

A system includes a purification unit configured to process a vapor stream including sulfur dioxide. The purification unit includes an inlet configured to allow the vapor stream to enter the purification unit. The purification unit includes a steam coil configured to circulate steam and provide a source of heat. The purification unit includes a packed bed. The purification unit includes a tray configured to accumulate sulfur. The purification unit includes an absorber section configured to remove at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide from the vapor stream. The purification unit includes an outlet configured to allow an effluent with a lower sulfur dioxide content than the vapor stream to exit the purification unit. The system includes a sulfur tank including a vent line in fluid communication with the inlet. The vent line is configured to allow vapor to flow from the sulfur tank to the purification unit.

A process where a gas, containing SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 is brought in contact with a mixture of from 95% vol. to 50% vol. of activated carbon catalyst and from 5% vol. to 50% vol. of an inert filler material, where the SO.sub.2 is converted to H.sub.2SO.sub.4 on the activated carbon catalyst and is then washed from the activated carbon catalyst to obtain a H.sub.2SO.sub.4 solution.

An air pollution control system includes a denitration device that removes nitrogen oxide in flue gas from a boiler; a heat transfer tube for recovering part of heat of the flue gas after denitration; a precipitator that removes soot and dust in the flue gas after heat recovery; a desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxide in the flue gas discharged from the precipitator; a heat transfer tube for heating the flue gas discharged from the desulfurization device; a circulation pump that circulates a heat medium between the heat transfer tubes; a heat medium heater provided to the circulation pipe to heat the heat medium; and a control device that controls the heat medium heater based on an ammonia concentration at an outlet of the denitration device. The control device causes the heat medium heater to heat the heat medium when the ammonia concentration is higher than a certain value.

Provided are a novel nickel foam having a hierarchical pore structure, a method of producing the same, and an application thereof. Unlike a conventional nickel foam, the nickel foam has a well-developed hierarchical pore structure including pores having a size of 4 ?m or less in addition to inherent macropores having a size of 100 ?m to 900 ?m, and thus, may have a significantly large specific surface area. Accordingly, the nickel foam may be variously applied to an electrochemical reaction such as a water electrolysis system and an exhaust gas purification filter.

Indoor and outdoor air purifier including:a fan for suctioning air and conveying it intoan air treatment duct suitable to disintegrate the toxic and pollutant components present in the air and then reintroducing the air, purified by now, into the external environment through one of the grids; within the duct, at least the following being installed: ? filters in any alveolar ceramic alloy treated with a titanium dioxide TiO.sub.2 nano-coating suitable to disintegrate the pollutant substances by a photocatalytic process activated thanks to ? LED lights, each of which installed in proximity to a corresponding filter, suitable to start the pollutant molecules disintegration photocatalytic process, reintroducing only the harmless substances into the atmosphere.