A fluid injection device includes a valve body of a cylindrical shape and a valve member, which is movably accommodated in the valve body and which has a valve surface portion to be seated on or separated from a valve seat portion formed in an inside of the valve body. The valve member has an inside passage through which urea aqueous solution flows and a communication port, which is opened at an outer peripheral surface of the valve member and at a position of an upstream side of the valve surface portion in a flow direction of air. An annular fluid passage, through which the air flows, is formed between an inner peripheral surface of the valve body and the outer peripheral surface of the valve member. The communication port is connected to the annular fluid passage at a connecting passage portion. A cross-sectional passage area of the annular fluid passage at the connecting passage portion is smaller than a cross-sectional passage area of the annular fluid passage at an upstream-side passage portion thereof.

A process for removing hydrocarbons from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons includes introducing ozone to the feed stream to produce an ozone doped stream containing ozone and hydrocarbons, and contacting the ozone doped stream with a supported metal catalyst at a temperature of from 100 C. to 300 C. to produce a treated stream, wherein the supported metal catalyst comprises iron supported on a support selected from aluminosilicates, silica-aluminas, silicates and aluminas. A process for removing NO.sub.x from a feed stream containing NO.sub.x, and an apparatus for removing hydrocarbons and/or NO.sub.x from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons and/or NO.sub.x are also provided.

Methods and systems are provided for a low temperature NOx adsorber (LTNA). In one example, a method includes operating in a first mode, the first mode including storing exhaust NOx in an LTNA, heating the LTNA until an LTNA outlet temperature reaches a first threshold temperature, and then converting released NOx in a downstream selective catalyst reduction (SCR) device; and operating in a second mode, the second mode including heating the LTNA until the LTNA outlet temperature reaches a second threshold temperature, higher than the first threshold temperature, and converting exhaust NOx in the SCR device.

It is intended to provide a novel zeolite with a rare earth element-substituted framework which has a higher amount of NOx adsorbed and a method for producing the same, and a NOx adsorption member and a catalyst for automobile exhaust gas, etc. comprising the same. The present invention provides a zeolite with a rare earth element-substituted framework, comprising at least a zeolite and at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd and Pr, wherein a content ratio of the rare earth element is 1 to 15% by mass in total based on the total amount, and one or some of Al and/or Si atoms constituting the framework of the zeolite are replaced with the rare earth element.

A compression ignition internal combustion engine system includes an engine and an exhaust system with an upstream exhaust conduit, a downstream exhaust conduit, and an exhaust placement mechanism for mixing exhaust with fuel and air within engine cylinders. The upstream exhaust conduit has a raw exhaust inlet, a raw exhaust outlet, and a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) inlet between the raw exhaust inlet and the raw exhaust outlet. The downstream exhaust conduit includes a bare particulate filter and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device. Related methodology including operating the engine in a startup mode, and in a running mode once the SCR device is warmed, is also disclosed.

An exhaust gas purification catalyst, characterized by having a catalyst layer containing palladium, rhodium, and alumina, which supports a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal selected from barium sulfate and strontium sulfate, and the correlation coefficients .sub.Pd,AE and .sub.Rh,AE calculated from the characteristic X-ray intensity measured using an electron beam micro-analyzer for the palladium, rhodium, and alkaline-earth metal being +0.75 to +1.00 and 0.00 to +0.25, respectively, using 350 points as measurement points obtained by equally dividing the catalyst layer into 351 parts in the thickness direction on a virtual straight line that runs through the catalyst layer in the thickness direction.

The invention is directed to a process and an apparatus for coating substrates of motor vehicle exhaust gas catalysts. The invention particularly describes an improvement in such coating processes in which a suspension (washcoat) containing the catalytic material is applied to such a substrate (monolithic substrate) from above (metered charge process).

A method for controlling an SCR system having two metering valves and a feed pump, wherein the two metering valves are operated in such a way that a reducing agent solution is metered in simultaneously via the two metering valves, at least over part of a metering time period (t.sub.Dos).

An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas pathway configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and a non-thermal plasma generator positioned in the exhaust gas pathway. The non-thermal plasma generator is configured to increase a proportion of nitrogen dioxide in the exhaust gas. The system also includes a first treatment element positioned in the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the non-thermal plasma generator and a second treatment element positioned in the exhaust gas pathway downstream of the first treatment element. At least one of the first treatment element or the second treatment element includes a combined selective catalytic reduction and diesel particulate filter (SCR+F) element.

In an engine which includes an oxidation catalyst and an SCR catalyst in an exhaust passage, a first flow regulating control in which a control valve is controlled so as to decrease a flow rate of an exhaust gas which passes through the oxidation catalyst and the SCR catalyst is performed in a case where the oxidation catalyst is in a low temperature state at the time of performing deceleration fuel cut, and a second flow regulating control in which the control valve is controlled so as to increase the flow rate of the exhaust gas which passes through the oxidation catalyst and the SCR catalyst is performed in a case where the oxidation catalyst is in a temperature state higher than the low temperature state and the SCR catalyst is in a low temperature state at the time of performing the deceleration fuel cut.