A process for removing hydrocarbons from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons includes introducing ozone to the feed stream to produce an ozone doped stream containing ozone and hydrocarbons, and contacting the ozone doped stream with a supported metal catalyst at a temperature of from 100° C. to 300° C. to produce a treated stream, wherein the supported metal catalyst comprises iron supported on a support selected from aluminosilicates, silica-aluminas, silicates and aluminas. A process for removing NOx from a feed stream containing NOx, and an apparatus for removing hydrocarbons and/or NOx from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons and/or NOx are also provided.

A flowhood assembly 1 comprises an injector 30 which is fixable to a mount 50 in a number of alternative mounted positions defined by rotation of the injector about an injection axis X2 relative to the mount. The injector 30 includes one or more coolant ports 34, 35 which are connected in use to a supply of liquid coolant C. The mount 50 is fixable to a flowhood 10 in an upright, design orientation and in alternative connected positions defined by rotation of the flowhood 10 relative to the mount 50 about a connection axis X1. In a normal use position of the assembly the connection axis X1 of the flowhood is arranged at a predefined angle, optionally 0°, relative to a nominal horizontal plane P1. The injector 30 is not fixable to the mount 50 other than in the alternative mounted positions. In use in the normal use position, and in each of the alternative mounted positions of the injector, the injection axis X2 of the injector is oriented downwardly away from the injector relative to the horizontal plane P1, and at least one of the coolant ports 34, 35 is arranged above the horizontal plane P1 which passes through the injection axis X2 at an outlet end 32 of the nozzle.

A method for making a functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one type of metallic nanoparticles present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body having channels connecting with each other, the metallic nanoparticles being present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

An aftertreatment system includes: a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system configured to decompose constituents of exhaust gas; an exhaust conduit configured to deliver the exhaust gas to the SCR system; a hydrocarbon insertion assembly; a valve operably coupled to the exhaust conduit, the valve configured to be selectively opened so as to allow a first gas to enter the exhaust conduit and mix with the exhaust gas; and a controller configured to: determine a SCR system temperature, in response to the SCR system temperature being less than a target temperature, instruct the hydrocarbon insertion assembly to insert hydrocarbons into the exhaust gas, and in response to the SCR system temperature being greater than the target temperature, instruct the valve to open so as to allow the first gas to enter the exhaust conduit, a first gas temperature of the first gas being lower than the SCR system temperature.

A doser mounting bracket for coupling a doser to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system component having a sidewall and an exhaust gas aftertreatment system component opening includes a lower surface, an engagement wall, a central structure, an upper surface, and an attachment structure. The lower surface is configured to be held in a position opposing the sidewall. The engagement wall extends from the lower surface. The central structure has an opening that extends therethrough and includes a centering structure that extends from the lower surface and is configured to be received within the exhaust gas aftertreatment system component opening. The attachment structure extends from the upper surface and is configured to be coupled to the doser. The engagement wall is configured to separate the lower surface from the sidewall when the engagement wall interfaces with the sidewall such that a pocket is formed between the engagement wall, the centering structure, and the lower surface.

Systems and methods for controlling a dosing of reductant for an internal combustion engine system including a catalyst are disclosed. The method includes measuring a value indicative of inlet temperature of the catalyst. When the inlet temperature is less than or equal to a first threshold, the method includes adjusting the dosing of reductant according to a first process. When the inlet temperature is greater than the first threshold, the method includes adjusting the dosing of reductant according to a second process, the second process being different than the first process.

A dosing composition and method for treatment of reductant urea solutions utilizing organometallic catalyst precursors in combination with one or more surfactants to promote decomposition of relatively high molecular weight deposits which deposits may otherwise reduce selective catalytic reduction efficiency.

An exhaust control system includes: a temperature control module configured to, in response to a shutdown of an engine, turn on an air pump that, when on, pumps air into an exhaust system of the engine upstream of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst; a target module configured to, while the air pump is on and the engine is off in response to the shutdown, selectively determine a target rate of injection of a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) by a DEF injector based on increasing a present amount of ammonia stored by the SCR catalyst to at least a predetermined amount of ammonia; and a DEF control module configured to, while the air pump is on and the engine is off in response to the shutdown, control injection of the DEF by the DEF injector upstream of the SCR catalyst based on the target rate.

A reactor for reducing the concentration of NO.sub.x in a stream comprising: an inlet for the stream; an outlet for a stream containing a reduced concentration of NO.sub.x ; one or more catalyst beds comprising a ceramic or metallic foam with a NO.sub.x reduction catalyst; one or more flow paths from the inlet to the outlet that passes through at least one catalyst bed wherein the catalyst beds are closed at the top and bottom so that the flow path through the catalyst bed passes through the sides of the catalyst bed in a lateral flow is described.

This exhaust purification device is provided with: an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas generated in an internal combustion engine flows; a selective reduction catalyst which is provided in the exhaust pipe and which promotes reduction of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas; a reducing agent supply unit which is provided in a stage before the selective reduction catalyst in the exhaust pipe and which supplies a reducing agent for reducing nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas; and a blocking unit which is disposed between the reducing agent supply unit and the selective reduction catalyst in the exhaust pipe and which, when a reducing agent solid flows through the exhaust pipe together with the exhaust gas, cuts off movement of the reducing agent solid towards the selective reduction catalyst.