Disclosed is an isoform of hexokinase 1 (HK1), namely hexokinase 1b (HK1b), for use as a prognosis marker and as a specific target for use in treatment of cancer.

Embodiments described herein provide methods of determining a risk of progression of Barrett's esophagus in a subject, classifying Barrett's esophagus in a subject and detecting a field effect associated with malignant transformation of an esophagus of a subject suffering from Barrett's esophagus. The disclosure also provides kits for determining a risk of progression of Barrett's esophagus in a subject and classifying Barrett's esophagus in a subject.

The present application discloses a composition for use in diagnosing cancer, the composition comprising: an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to a BAG2 polypeptide or fragment thereof.

The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for partitioning species. In some embodiments, such systems can be used for determining one or more types of cancer. For example, certain aspects are generally directed to aqueous multi-phase partitioning systems that can be used, for example, for distinguishing between different types of cancers, diagnosing subjects with cancer, or the like. In some cases, such systems can be identified using solvent properties such as the solvent dipolarity/polarizability difference (*), the solvent hydrogen bond donor acidity difference (), the solvent hydrogen bond acceptor basicity difference (), and the electrostatic property difference (c) between two phases of the partitioning system. These may be within certain ranges in accordance with various embodiments.

The present invention provides methods of detecting breast cancer or breast cancer cells comprising: (a) obtaining a liquid sample from a subject which sample comprises cells, microvesicles and/or exosomes; and (b) determining the presence of soluble or cell surface associated Cyr61 in the sample; wherein the liquid sample is selected from blood, and/or bone marrow aspirate and wherein the determination of the presence of Cyr61 comprises detection via ELISA.

The present disclosure relates to a peptide binding to Trop 2 and a use thereof, wherein, in an attempt to find a peptide having an ability of specifically binding to Trop 2, a peptide (amino acid sequence: CSTLNVESC (SEQ ID NO: 1)) that selectively binds to Trop 2 was discovered using a phage display technique. Targeting cancers that are highly resistant to anticancer drugs in breast cancer (in particular, triple-negative breast cancer), pancreatic cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma while having no effective treatments, an effective anticancer drug may be prepared by delivering cancer-specific drugs or developing targeted therapeutic agents using the peptide of the present disclosure.

NEO-201, an antibody that specifically binds to glycosylated peptides carrying core-1 and/or extended core-1 O-glycans comprised in CEACAM5 and CEAMCAM6 but not to aglycosylated CEACAM5 or aglycosylated CEAMCAM6 surprisingly has been shown to bind to and kill granulocyte myeloid derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs). gMDSCs are known to suppress innate immunity in different cancers and infectious diseases, among other conditions. Based thereon the use of NEO-201 alone or in combination for treating cancers and infectious diseases and other conditions wherein gMDSCs suppress innate immunity against the disease are provided. These methods optionally include detecting gMDSCs before, during or after NEO-201 treatment. Diagnostic methods, therapeutic methods, and combination therapies using NEO-201 optionally in combination with another agent in order to ablate gMDSCs and disease cells are also described.

Described herein are methods and compositions for treating cancer. Aspects of the invention relate to determining if a biological sample obtained from a subject for GSK3 bodies (puncta), e.g., in response to asparaginase treatment, and administering to a subject having cancer an asparaginase and an agent that inhibits GSK3 to a subject who has been identified as forming GSK3-positive bodies.

A novel agent is for treating or preventing a glioma. A marker for malignancy of a brain tumor and a prognostic marker for a brain tumor can be used in a method for determining malignancy of a brain tumor and a method for determining a prognosis for a brain tumor patient. The agent for treating or preventing a glioma can include an HVEM inhibitor as an active ingredient. The marker for malignancy of a brain tumor and the prognostic marker for a brain tumor can each include an HVEM protein or an HVEM gene. The method for determining malignancy of a brain tumor and the method for determining a prognosis for a brain tumor patient can each include measuring an HVEM expression amount in a biological sample of a subject.

The present invention provides, inter alia, methods, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits for treating or ameliorating the effects of a cancer in a subject, which cancer is refractory or resistant to non-ERK MAPK pathway inhibitor therapy. Also provided are methods for identifying a subject having cancer who would benefit from therapy with an ERK inhibitor and methods for inhibiting phosphorylation of RSK in a cancer cell that is refractory or resistant to a non-ERK MAPK pathway inhibitor.