A method for recycling copper indium gallium selenium materials comprises the steps of leaching by using sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, reduction of selenium by using sulfur dioxide, separation of copper by using hydrolysis, alkali separation of indium and gallium, replacement of indium, hydrolysis of gallium, and the like. Leaching is carried out by using sulfuric acid in cooperation with hydrogen peroxide, so that the leaching rate is greatly improved, and acid gas pollution is reduced; PH differential copper is separated by using metal ion hydrolysis, so that costs are low; and in addition, alkali separation of gallium is carried out, separation between indium and gallium can be implemented by merely adjusting the PH of a solution, the separation effect is good, the purities of obtained indium and gallium products are high.

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions comprising substrate-free 2D tellurene crystals, and the method of making and using the substrate-free 2D tellurene crystals. The 2D tellurene crystals of the present disclosure are characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern (CuK radiation, =1.54056 A) comprising a peak at 23.79 (20.1) and optionally one or more peaks selected from the group consisting of 41.26, 47.79, 50.41, and 64.43 (20.1).

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions comprising substrate-free 2D tellurene crystals, and the method of making and using the substrate-free 2D tellurene crystals. The 2D tellurene crystals of the present disclosure are characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern (CuK radiation, =1.54056 A) comprising a peak at 23.79 (20.1) and optionally one or more peaks selected from the group consisting of 41.26, 47.79, 50.41, and 64.43 (20.1).

A vapor circulation regeneration system is provided for utilizing a vapor by circulation and regeneration. The system includes at least: a liquefaction regeneration unit including a liquefaction space where the vapor of an object to be heated is liquefied and a heating part for maintaining a liquid-like state; a vaporization unit for heating the liquid-like material by means of a heating part so as to generate a vapor; a fluid communication part for establishing fluid communication between the liquefaction regeneration unit and the vaporization unit; a processing unit for processing an object to be processed by using the vapor; a return pipe for returning the vapor used in the processing unit to the liquefaction regeneration unit; a liquefaction regeneration temperature control part for controlling the temperature of the liquefaction regeneration unit; and a vaporization temperature control part for controlling the temperature of the vaporization unit.

A vapor circulation regeneration system is provided for utilizing a vapor by circulation and regeneration. The system includes at least: a liquefaction regeneration unit including a liquefaction space where the vapor of an object to be heated is liquefied and a heating part for maintaining a liquid-like state; a vaporization unit for heating the liquid-like material by means of a heating part so as to generate a vapor; a fluid communication part for establishing fluid communication between the liquefaction regeneration unit and the vaporization unit; a processing unit for processing an object to be processed by using the vapor; a return pipe for returning the vapor used in the processing unit to the liquefaction regeneration unit; a liquefaction regeneration temperature control part for controlling the temperature of the liquefaction regeneration unit; and a vaporization temperature control part for controlling the temperature of the vaporization unit.

A method of synthesizing biogenic elemental selenium nanostructure using Enterobacter cloacae and its application. The method uses E. cloacae Z0206 to reduce selenite to zero valence selenium and forms nano-sized elemental selenium particles, including steps of inoculating activated E. cloacae Z0206 to fermentation broth, adding sodium selenite solution, shaking and incubating, collecting the fermentation broth and separating the elemental selenium nanoparticles.

A method of synthesizing biogenic elemental selenium nanostructure using Enterobacter cloacae and its application. The method uses E. cloacae Z0206 to reduce selenite to zero valence selenium and forms nano-sized elemental selenium particles, including steps of inoculating activated E. cloacae Z0206 to fermentation broth, adding sodium selenite solution, shaking and incubating, collecting the fermentation broth and separating the elemental selenium nanoparticles.

A method of direct deposition of multinary metal polyselenide films, including precipitating alkylammonium polyselenide with an antisolvent, redissolution of precipitated alkylammonium polyselenide with a solvent, dissolving at least one metal source, such as elemental metal, a metal containing compound, or a combination thereof, in the solution containing polyselenide ions to provide a precursor solution, and using the precursor solution to fabricate metal polyselenides. The metal source is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Ga, Sn, Ge, As, Cu.sub.2Se, Cu.sub.2O, CuCl, and combinations thereof. The precursor solution is substantially sulfur-free.

A method of direct deposition of multinary metal polyselenide films, including precipitating alkylammonium polyselenide with an antisolvent, redissolution of precipitated alkylammonium polyselenide with a solvent, dissolving at least one metal source, such as elemental metal, a metal containing compound, or a combination thereof, in the solution containing polyselenide ions to provide a precursor solution, and using the precursor solution to fabricate metal polyselenides. The metal source is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Ga, Sn, Ge, As, Cu.sub.2Se, Cu.sub.2O, CuCl, and combinations thereof. The precursor solution is substantially sulfur-free.

A vapor circulation regeneration system is provided for utilizing a vapor by circulation and regeneration. The system includes at least: a liquefaction regeneration unit including a liquefaction space where the vapor of an object to be heated is liquefied and a heating part for maintaining a liquid-like state; a vaporization unit for heating the liquid-like material by means of a heating part so as to generate a vapor; a fluid communication part for establishing fluid communication between the liquefaction regeneration unit and the vaporization unit; a processing unit for processing an object to be processed by using the vapor; a return pipe for returning the vapor used in the processing unit to the liquefaction regeneration unit; a liquefaction regeneration temperature control part for controlling the temperature of the liquefaction regeneration unit; and a vaporization temperature control part for controlling the temperature of the vaporization unit. Then, the object to be heated is present in a solid state at ordinary temperatures, present in a vapor state and the liquid-like state in the liquefaction regeneration unit, present in the liquid-like state in the fluid communication part, present in the liquid-like state and the vapor state in the vaporization unit, and present in the vapor state in the processing unit and the return pipe.