The present invention relates to a method for producing a hexafluoromanganate(IV), said method being characterized by comprising: inserting an anode and a cathode into a reaction solution that contains a compound containing manganese having an atomic valence of less than 4 and/or manganese having an atomic valence of more than 4 and hydrogen fluoride; and then applying an electric current having an electric current density of 100 to 1000 A/m.sup.2 between the anode and the cathode. According to the present invention, it becomes possible to produce a hexafluoromanganate(IV) in which the content ratio of manganese having an atomic valence of 4 is high and the contamination with oxygen is reduced and which has high purity. When a complex fluoride red phosphor is produced using the hexafluoromanganate(IV) as a raw material, the phosphor produced has high luminescence properties, particularly high internal quantum efficiency.

A lithium-supplementing additive, a preparation method therefor and application thereof. The lithium-supplementing additive includes a core body and a functional encapsulation layer coated on the core body, and the core body includes a lithium-supplementing material. Lithium carbonate is dispersed in the interface between the functional encapsulation layer and the core body or/and in the functional encapsulation layer. In the lithium-supplementing additive of the present application, the lithium carbonate dispersed in the interface between the functional encapsulation layer and the core body or/and in the functional encapsulation layer has a synergistic effect with the functional encapsulation layer, and can effectively improve the effect of the functional encapsulation layer on the core body, so that the core body is isolated from ambient moisture and CO.sub.2 to ensure the stability of the core body, thereby ensuring the effect and stability of lithium supplementation of the lithium-supplementing additive.

A crystalline titanium and magnesium compound having an X-ray diffraction pattern having interplanar spacing (d-spacing) values at about 5.94, 3.10, 2.97, 2.10, 1.98, 1.82, and 1.74?0.1 angstroms may be used in protective coatings for metal or metal alloy substrates. The coatings exhibit excellent corrosion resistances and provide corrosion protection equal to or better than typical non-chromate coatings.

Provided is a method for producing a phosphor having a chemical composition represented by formula (I), A.sub.2MF.sub.6:Mn (I) (A is one type or more of an alkali metal selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, and includes at least Na and/or K, and M is one type or more of a tetravalent element selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, and Sn.), the method comprising preparing a first hydrofluoric acid solution containing M and a second hydrofluoric acid solution containing A as well as either dissolving a compound containing Mn in either the first hydrofluoric acid solution or the second hydrofluoric acid solution or preparing a separate solution in which the compound containing Mn is dissolved. When the solutions are mixed to precipitate the phosphor of the formula (I), the solutions are mixed so that the concentration of M is 0.1 to 0.5 mol/liter when all the solutions are mixed. According to the present invention, a complex fluoride phosphor having excellent luminescence properties can be produced stably with high yield.

The sulfide of the present invention comprises an amorphous (lithium) niobium sulfide having an average composition represented by formula (1): Li.sub.k1NbS.sub.n1 (wherein 0k15; 3n110; and when n13.5, k10.5), or an amorphous (lithium) titanium niobium sulfide having an average composition represented by formula (2): Li.sub.k2Ti.sub.1-m2Nb.sub.m2S.sub.n2 (wherein 0k25; 0<m2<1; 2n210; and when n23.5, k21.5). The sulfide of the present invention is a material that is useful as a cathode active material for lithium batteries, such as lithium primary batteries, lithium secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary batteries, and has a high charge-discharge capacity, high electrical conductivity, and excellent charge-discharge performance.

A multilayer transparent conductive film is provided, including: a Ag film that is formed of Ag or a Ag alloy; and a transparent conductive oxide film that is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the Ag film, in which the transparent conductive oxide film is formed of an oxide including Zn, Ga, and Ti.

A deodorizing/antibacterial/antifungal agent containing two kinds of fine particles, (i) titanium oxide fine particles and (ii) alloy fine particles containing an antibacterial/antifungal metal, gives a thin film of high transparency which has deodorizing properties and also exhibits antibacterial/antifungal properties.

According to one embodiment, an active material is provided. The active material includes particles. The particles have a crystal structure belonging to a monoclinic niobium-titanium composite oxide. A ratio of a crystallite size Dc corresponding to a (020) plane with respect to an average primary particle size Dp of the particles is not less than 35%.

The disclosed subject matter relates to an infrared detector including a dielectric detector membrane and a NbTiN absorber coating disposed thereon, the latter being a low stress, high resistivity film or coating useful at extremely low temperatures.

Methods and systems for rapidly characterizing electrochemically active particle dispersions are provided. In various embodiments, the methods and systems advantageously reduce the system complexity to identify what fraction of a cell resistance may be due to the active material.