The present invention provides a precursor of positive electrode active substance particles for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which have a high discharge voltage and a high discharge capacity, hardly suffer from side reactions with an electrolyte solution, and are excellent in cycle characteristics, positive electrode active substance particles for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and processes for producing these particles, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The present invention relates to positive electrode active substance particles for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries having a spinel structure with a composition represented by the following chemical formula (1), in which the positive electrode active substance particles satisfy the following characteristic (A) and/or characteristic (B) when indexed with Fd-3m in X-ray diffraction thereof: (A) when indexed with Fd-3m in X-ray diffraction of the positive electrode active substance particles, a ratio of I(311) to I(111) [I(311)/I(111)] is in the range of 35 to 43%, and/or (B) when indexed with Fd-3m in X-ray diffraction of the positive electrode active substance particles, a gradient of a straight line determined by a least square method in a graph prepared by plotting sin θ in an abscissa thereof and B cos θ in an ordinate thereof wherein B is a full-width at half maximum with respect to each peak position 2θ (10 to 90°) is in the range of 3.0×10.sup.−4 to 20.0×10.sup.−4; and
Li.sub.1+xMn.sub.2−y−zNi.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.4  Chemical Formula (1)
wherein x, y, z fall within the range of −0.05.Math.x.Math.0.15, 0.4.Math.y.Math.0.6 and 0.Math.z.Math.0.20, respectively; and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W and Bi.

Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

A stabilized lithium ion cathode material comprising a calcined manganese oxide powder wherein the manganese on a surface is MnPO.sub.4, comprises an manganese phosphate bond, or the phosphate is bonded to the surface of the cathode material.

Oxide compositions comprising a modified structure which includes the formula ABO.sub.z. The A component may comprise at a cation of least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Zn, and the B component may comprise a cation of at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. Batteries and supercapacitors comprising the oxide compositions of the present disclosure and methods of making the oxide compositions of the present disclosure are also provided.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material which has a new composition, a non-rocksalt-type structure, and a new local structure, has significantly increased electrochemical activity, and thus can achieve high-capacity energy and significantly improved electrochemical performance, and a method of preparing the same.

The positive electrode active material according to the present invention has a composition of [Formula 1] below, and the layered non-rocksalt-type structure, wherein excess lithium is present to be inappropriate for a site balance, and the excess lithium enters an octahedral site and a tetrahedral site

Li.sub.1+x+yM.sub.1−yO.sub.2   [Formula 1]

(x is an amount in which the excess lithium enters the tetrahedral site between a lithium layer and a transition metal layer, y is an amount in which the excess lithium enters the octahedral site of the transition metal layer, x and y are values that satisfy the charge balance, 0<x, y<1, and M is at least one selected from Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V, Fe, Nb, Mo, Ru, Zr, and Ir, and 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals except for the listed metals.)

A cathode configured to use oxygen as a cathode active material includes: a porous film including a metal oxide, where a porosity of the porous film is about 50 volume percent to about 95 volume percent, based on a total volume of the porous film, and an amount of an organic component in the porous film is 0 to about 2 weight percent, based on a total weight of the porous film.

The present disclosure is directed to a mixed oxide composition comprising manganese, aluminum and/or magnesium, and a rare earth element; a method of making the mixed oxide composition; a NOx adsorber comprising the mixed oxide composition; an exhaust system for internal combustion engines comprising the NOx adsorber; and a method for reducing NOx in an exhaust gas that employs the NOx adsorber.

The present disclosure is directed to a mixed oxide composition comprising manganese, aluminum and/or magnesium, and a rare earth element; a method of making the mixed oxide composition; a NOx adsorber comprising the mixed oxide composition; an exhaust system for internal combustion engines comprising the NOx adsorber; and a method for reducing NOx in an exhaust gas that employs the NOx adsorber.

Modified copper chromite spinel pigments exhibit lower coefficients of thermal expansion than unmodified structures. Three methods exist to modify the pigments: (1) the incorporation of secondary modifiers into the pigment core composition, (2) control of the pigment firing profile, including both the temperature and the soak time, and (3) control of the pigment core composition.

The present disclosure provides a production system and a production method of potassium manganate, belonging to the technical field of production of potassium manganate. The production system of potassium manganate comprises a hot air generating device, a production device and a circulating air pipeline. The hot air generating device is configured provide hot air in a manner of burning fuel gas. The production device is configured to absorb heat in the hot air generated by the hot air generating device. The circulating air pipeline is configured to introduce the hot air passing through the production device into the hot air generating device to adjust temperature of the hot air.