A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a lithium metal composite oxide having a crystal structure based on a rock salt structure belonging to a space group Fm-3m, wherein the lithium metal composite oxide includes Ti and a metal element M.sup.1 other than Li and Ti. The metal element M.sup.1 preferably further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ge, Si, and Ga.

Provided are a dielectric ceramic composition having excellent temperature properties and low DC bias dependence in a wide temperature range from room temperature to over 200° C., a method of manufacturing a dielectric ceramic composition, and a multilayer ceramic capacitor.

A ceramic member includes a matrix phase of a perovskite compound including La, Ca, and Mn, and a heterophase including Mn and O as main components, wherein crystal grains of the perovskite compound have an average grain size of about 2.5 μm or more and about 6.4 μm or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing, without using an organic iron compound as a production raw material, water in which permanganate ions exist stably over a long period of time. As a means for resolution, the method comprises dissolving a divalent inorganic iron compound and a divalent manganese compound in water with a pH of less than 3.5, and then feeding ozone microbubbles into the water.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing, without using an organic iron compound as a production raw material, water in which permanganate ions exist stably over a long period of time. As a means for resolution, the method comprises dissolving a divalent inorganic iron compound and a divalent manganese compound in water with a pH of less than 3.5, and then feeding ozone microbubbles into the water.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a carrier and catalyst particles supported on the carrier. The catalyst particles contain a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where A contains at least one of Ba and Sr, B contains Zr, M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. An organic substance decomposition rate after the supported catalyst is subjected to a heat treatment at 950° C. for 48 hours is greater than 0.97 when the organic substance decomposition rate before the heat treatment is regarded as 1, and an amount of the catalyst particles peeled off when the supported catalyst is ultrasonicated in water at 28 kHz and 220 W for 15 minutes is less than 1 wt % of the catalyst particles before untrasonication.

An organic matter decomposition catalyst that contains a perovskite type complex oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, wherein A contains 90 at % or more of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba and Sr, B contains 80 at % or more of Zr, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods of producing a hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material comprising combining one or more core material precursors and one or more shell material precursors to from a precursor mixture and heat-treating the precursor mixture at a treatment temperature to form the hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material. The treatment temperature is greater than or equal to 100° C. less than the melting point of a shell material, and the hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material comprises a core comprising a core material and a shell comprising the shell material. The shell material may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core material.

Provided is an improved method for forming a coated lithium ion cathode materials specifically for use in a battery. The method comprises forming a first solution comprising a digestible feedstock of a first metal suitable for formation of a cathode oxide precursor and a multi-carboxylic acid. The digestible feedstock is digested to form a first metal salt in solution wherein the first metal salt precipitates as a salt of deprotonated multi-carboxylic acid thereby forming an oxide precursor and a coating metal is added to the oxide precursor. The oxide precursor is heated to form the coated lithium ion cathode material.

A metal-oxide perovskite material having a general formula Ca.sub.1-xCe.sub.xTi.sub.yMn.sub.1-yO.sub.3, where x is in a range of about 0.3 to about 0.35 and y is in a range of about 0.25 to about 0.35. Producing hydrogen and oxygen includes heating the metal-oxide perovskite material; reducing the metal-oxide perovskite material to yield a reduced metal-oxide perovskite material; cooling the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material; and contacting the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material with a re-oxidizing fluid including steam to yield hydrogen and a re-oxidized metal-oxide perovskite material. Producing carbon monoxide and oxygen includes heating the metal-oxide perovskite material; reducing the metal-oxide perovskite material to yield a reduced metal-oxide perovskite material; cooling the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material, and contacting the reduced metal-oxide perovskite material with a re-oxidizing fluid including carbon dioxide to yield carbon monoxide and a re-oxidized metal-oxide perovskite material.