The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, wherein the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is present in a high concentration, for example, in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas, wherein the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is present in a high concentration. The process of the invention is directed to the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene by direct fluorination. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinated benzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications. The fluorination process of the invention may be performed batch-wise or in a continuous manner. If the process of the invention is performed batch-wise, a column (tower) reactor may be used. If the process of the invention is continuous a microreactor may be used. The invention is characterized in that the starting compound is benzene, and the fluorinated compound produced is a fluorinated benzene, preferably monofluorobenzene.

The present disclosure provides method for isolating a long chain dicarboxylic acid such as a substantially pure or pure long chain dicarboxylic acid from a fermentation broth containing microbial cells.

The present disclosure provides method for isolating a long chain dicarboxylic acid such as a substantially pure or pure long chain dicarboxylic acid from a fermentation broth containing microbial cells.

The present invention provides a salt form and compositions thereof, which are useful as an inhibitor of EGFR kinases and which exhibits desirable characteristics for the same.

The present invention provides a salt form and compositions thereof, which are useful as an inhibitor of EGFR kinases and which exhibits desirable characteristics for the same.

The invention provides a conjugate comprising a biomolecule linked to a fatty acid via a linker wherein the fatty acid has the following Formulae A1, A2 or A3:

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Ak, n, m and p are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the conjugate of the invention such as GDF15 conjugate, and its therapeutic uses such as treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders or diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, pancreatitis, dyslipidemia, alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis and other progressive liver diseases, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease, diabetic complications (including but not limited to chronic kidney disease), neuropathy, gastroparesis and other metabolic disorders. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

The invention provides a conjugate comprising a biomolecule linked to a fatty acid via a linker wherein the fatty acid has the following Formulae A1, A2 or A3:

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Ak, n, m and p are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the conjugate of the invention such as GDF15 conjugate, and its therapeutic uses such as treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders or diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, pancreatitis, dyslipidemia, alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis and other progressive liver diseases, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease, diabetic complications (including but not limited to chronic kidney disease), neuropathy, gastroparesis and other metabolic disorders. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Described herein polymer precursor compounds (aka polymer building blocks) of derived from biobased compounds, and specifically biobased mevalonolactone and its related derivatives. Through oxidation these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols and polyamides, as well as precursors for glycidyl esters and omega-alkenyl esters. Through reduction, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols, polycarbonates, as well as precursors for glycidyl ethers and omega-alkenyl ethers. Through nucleophilic ring opening and/or amidation, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for polyester polyols, chain-extender for polyurethanes, or polyester-amides.

Described herein polymer precursor compounds (aka polymer building blocks) of derived from biobased compounds, and specifically biobased mevalonolactone and its related derivatives. Through oxidation these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols and polyamides, as well as precursors for glycidyl esters and omega-alkenyl esters. Through reduction, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols, polycarbonates, as well as precursors for glycidyl ethers and omega-alkenyl ethers. Through nucleophilic ring opening and/or amidation, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for polyester polyols, chain-extender for polyurethanes, or polyester-amides.

The present invention relates to the compositions containing dicycloplatin, pharmaceutical use of the compositions in the treatment and/or prevention of pain, inflammation and virus-related diseases, and methods of preparing the compostions thereof.