Perfluoro-t-butoxyallyl ether and perfluoro-t-butoxypropargyl ether and methods for their synthesis are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for making polymers from the perfluoro-t-butoxyallyl ether and perfluoro-t-butoxypropargyl ether.

Perfluoro-t-butoxyallyl ether and perfluoro-t-butoxypropargyl ether and methods for their synthesis are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for making polymers from the perfluoro-t-butoxyallyl ether and perfluoro-t-butoxypropargyl ether.

A process is provided for the polymerization of fluoromonomer to an dispersion of fluoropolymer particles in an aqueous medium in a polymerization reactor, by (a) providing the aqueous medium in the reactor, (b) adding the fluoromonomer to the reactor, (c) adding initiator to the aqueous medium, the combination of steps (b) and (c) being carried out essentially free of hydrocarbon-containing surfactant and resulting in the kickoff of the polymerization of the fluoromonomer, and (d) metering hydrocarbon-containing surfactant into the aqueous medium after the kickoff of polymerization, e.g. after the concentration of the fluoropolymer in the aqueous medium is at least 0.6 wt %, the metering being at a rate reducing the telogenic activity of said surfactant while maintaining surface activity.

A process is provided for the polymerization of fluoromonomer to an dispersion of fluoropolymer particles in an aqueous medium in a polymerization reactor, by (a) providing the aqueous medium in the reactor, (b) adding the fluoromonomer to the reactor, (c) adding initiator to the aqueous medium, the combination of steps (b) and (c) being carried out essentially free of hydrocarbon-containing surfactant and resulting in the kickoff of the polymerization of the fluoromonomer, and (d) metering hydrocarbon-containing surfactant into the aqueous medium after the kickoff of polymerization, e.g. after the concentration of the fluoropolymer in the aqueous medium is at least 0.6 wt %, the metering being at a rate reducing the telogenic activity of said surfactant while maintaining surface activity.

The present invention provides a polymer compound for a conductive polymer comprising one or more repeating units a shown by the formula (1), and having a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000. There can be provided a polymer compound for a conductive polymer having a specific superacidic sulfo group which is soluble in an organic solvent, and suitably used for a fuel cell or a dopant for a conductive material.

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents any of a single bond, an ester group, and a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon group optionally containing an ether group, an ester group, or both; Z represents any of a single bond, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an ether group, and an ester group; and a is a number satisfying 0<a1.0.

A polymer compound for a conductive polymer including one or more repeating units a shown by the following general formula (1), and having a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000,

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents any of a single bond, an ester group, and a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally containing either or both of an ether group and an ester group; R.sup.3 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with one or more hydrogen atoms in R.sup.3 being substituted by a fluorine atom(s); Z represents any of a single bond, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an ether group, and an ester group; and a is a number satisfying 0<a1.0.

A fluorine-containing resin composition of the present invention includes: a fluorine-containing resin; and a solvent in which the fluorine-containing resin is dissolved. The solvent is a perfluoroalkene. The fluorine-containing resin includes a fluorine-containing polymer including a structural unit (A) represented by the following formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula (1), R.sub.ff.sup.1 to R.sub.ff.sup.4 each independently represent a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a perfluoroalkyl ether group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. R.sub.ff.sup.1 and R.sub.ff.sup.2 are optionally linked to form a ring.)

The present invention aims to provide a method of producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion having a significantly small particle size and excellent dispersion stability without using a long-chain fluorosurfactant. The present invention relates to a method of producing an aqueous dispersion containing at least one fluoropolymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene and melt-processible fluororesins excluding polytetrafluoroethylene. The method includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fluorosurfactant having a Log POW value of not higher than 3.4 and a polymerization initiator. The amount of the fluorosurfactant corresponds to 4600 to 500000 ppm of the aqueous medium.

The present invention aims to provide a method of producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion having a significantly small particle size and excellent dispersion stability without using a long-chain fluorosurfactant. The present invention relates to a method of producing an aqueous dispersion containing at least one fluoropolymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene and melt-processible fluororesins excluding polytetrafluoroethylene. The method includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fluorosurfactant having a Log POW value of not higher than 3.4 and a polymerization initiator. The amount of the fluorosurfactant corresponds to 4600 to 500000 ppm of the aqueous medium.

Novel fluorocarbon polymers with a heteroaromatic group or a HPCA group are disclosed. A protonated fluoropolymer with a heteroaromatic group can be used as a cation-conductive electrolyte while an HPCA-based fluoropolymer encapsulating a H.sup.+ or Li.sup.+ can be employed as anion-transporting electrolyte.