A material composition may include one or more polymeric materials. The material composition may also include one or more inorganic particles comprising oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or any combination thereof. Further, the material composition may include one or more metal particles that produce a detectable change in an electrical property or an optical property based on a reaction with at least one of H2O, CO2, or H2S. The one or more inorganic particles and the one or more metal particles may be dispersed within the one or more polymeric materials.

An aerosol coating composition contains at least one film-forming resin, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and at least one propellant such as CO.sub.2. The aerosol coating composition is non-flammable and compatible with polyethylene terephthalate. The film-forming resin may be acrylic resins, alkyd resins or mixtures thereof. A glycol ether solvent may be present. The coating composition may have low toxicity, be non-ozone depleting, have low or no VOC, be low in maximum incremental reactivity and/or be low in global warming potential. A method of coating a substrate with the aerosol coating composition comprises providing at least one film-forming resin selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, alkyd resins, and mixtures thereof and trans-1-chloro-trifluoropropene in a container comprising polyethylene terephthalate, which is charged with a propellant comprising carbon dioxide. The aerosol coating composition is non-flammable. The composition is applied to a substrate and allowed to dry.

An aerosol coating composition contains at least one film-forming resin, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and at least one propellant such as CO.sub.2. The aerosol coating composition is non-flammable and compatible with polyethylene terephthalate. The film-forming resin may be acrylic resins, alkyd resins or mixtures thereof. A glycol ether solvent may be present. The coating composition may have low toxicity, be non-ozone depleting, have low or no VOC, be low in maximum incremental reactivity and/or be low in global warming potential. A method of coating a substrate with the aerosol coating composition comprises providing at least one film-forming resin selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, alkyd resins, and mixtures thereof and trans-1-chloro-trifluoropropene in a container comprising polyethylene terephthalate, which is charged with a propellant comprising carbon dioxide. The aerosol coating composition is non-flammable. The composition is applied to a substrate and allowed to dry.

A thermosetting powder coating composition C (PCC C) includes a physical mixture of a thermosetting powder coating composition A (PCC A) with a separate, distinct thermosetting powder coating composition B (PCC B). Also provided are processes for making the thermosetting powder coating composition C and for coating an article with the thermosetting powder coating composition C. A cured thermosetting powder coating composition C (c-PCC C) is also provided so as to obtain articles having coated and cured thereon the thermosetting powder coating composition C. Heat-curing can occur at low temperatures. The cured c-PCC C is a powder coating having at least one desirable property such as excellent resistance to swelling, good smoothness, good chemical resistance, low gloss, and/or low yellowness.

A thermosetting powder coating composition C (PCC C) includes a physical mixture of a thermosetting powder coating composition A (PCC A) with a separate, distinct thermosetting powder coating composition B (PCC B). Also provided are processes for making the thermosetting powder coating composition C and for coating an article with the thermosetting powder coating composition C. A cured thermosetting powder coating composition C (c-PCC C) is also provided so as to obtain articles having coated and cured thereon the thermosetting powder coating composition C. Heat-curing can occur at low temperatures. The cured c-PCC C is a powder coating having at least one desirable property such as excellent resistance to swelling, good smoothness, good chemical resistance, low gloss, and/or low yellowness.

The present invention provides a two-component (2K) curable composition comprising: (A) a first component comprising: i) at least one cyanoacrylate monomer represented by Formula 1:

H.sub.2C═C(CN)—COOR  (1) wherein: R is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.18 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.15 alkenyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkyl and C.sub.3-C.sub.15 allyl; and, ii) peroxide catalyst; and, iii) at least one cure accelerator for said at least one cyanoacrylate monomer i); (B) a second component comprising: i) at least one free radically curable compound; and, ii) at least one transition metal compound, wherein, when said components are mixed together the peroxide catalyst initiates cure of said free radically curable compound(s) and the transition metal compound(s) initiates cure of the cyanoacrylate monomer(s), and further wherein said at least one free radically curable compound comprises at least one unsaturated polyester polymer containing at least two cycloolefinic double bonds.

The present invention provides a two-component (2K) curable composition comprising: (A) a first component comprising: i) at least one cyanoacrylate monomer represented by Formula 1:

H.sub.2C═C(CN)—COOR  (1) wherein: R is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.18 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.15 alkenyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkyl and C.sub.3-C.sub.15 allyl; and, ii) peroxide catalyst; and, iii) at least one cure accelerator for said at least one cyanoacrylate monomer i); (B) a second component comprising: i) at least one free radically curable compound; and, ii) at least one transition metal compound, wherein, when said components are mixed together the peroxide catalyst initiates cure of said free radically curable compound(s) and the transition metal compound(s) initiates cure of the cyanoacrylate monomer(s), and further wherein said at least one free radically curable compound comprises at least one unsaturated polyester polymer containing at least two cycloolefinic double bonds.

A method for forming chrome-free retanned leather including: (a) contacting wet white (chrome-free tanned hide) with a retanning mixture comprising from 2% to 15%, by solids weight, based on the wet weight of the wet white, of an amphoteric polymer composition comprising amine functional units and acid functional units; and (b) applying a polymeric overcoat containing an acrylic copolymer with one or more metal transition elements, with a thickness of no greater than 100 microns, to the retanned wet white, is provided. The present invention also provides a chrome-free retanned leather formed by the method.

A method for forming chrome-free retanned leather including: (a) contacting wet white (chrome-free tanned hide) with a retanning mixture comprising from 2% to 15%, by solids weight, based on the wet weight of the wet white, of an amphoteric polymer composition comprising amine functional units and acid functional units; and (b) applying a polymeric overcoat containing an acrylic copolymer with one or more metal transition elements, with a thickness of no greater than 100 microns, to the retanned wet white, is provided. The present invention also provides a chrome-free retanned leather formed by the method.

A problem is to provide a sheet having a pre-sintering layer, the thickness of which following sintering is such as to be capable of relieving stresses. Solution means relate to a sheet comprising a pre-sintering layer. Viscosity at 90° C. of the pre-sintering layer is not less than 0.27 MPa.Math.s. Thickness of the pre-sintering layer is 30 μm to 200 μm.