This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. In particular, the method comprises reacting a feed stock with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

A method of converting cellulosic feedstock to bio coal. The cellulosic feedstock in a carrier of process fluid is introduced within a conduit having substantially linear portions connected by curved portions creating a serpentine structure. The substantially linear portions are surrounded by tubular sleeves creating annular spaces between the tubular sleeves and substantially linear portions for carrying a high temperature fluid for transferring thermal energy to the cellulosic feedstock and process fluid. The cellulosic feedstock is maintained in an oxygen-free environment. The method is continuous as the cellulosic feedstock in process fluid is subjected to a plurality of mixing elements characterized as having no edges perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the plurality of substantially linear segments and which are sized and positioned within the plurality of substantially linear segments such no mixing elements are in contact with one another resulting in an open region of travel for fluids passing from the conduit inlet to conduit outlet.

A method of converting cellulosic feedstock to bio coal. The cellulosic feedstock in a carrier of process fluid is introduced within a conduit having substantially linear portions connected by curved portions creating a serpentine structure. The substantially linear portions are surrounded by tubular sleeves creating annular spaces between the tubular sleeves and substantially linear portions for carrying a high temperature fluid for transferring thermal energy to the cellulosic feedstock and process fluid. The cellulosic feedstock is maintained in an oxygen-free environment. The method is continuous as the cellulosic feedstock in process fluid is subjected to a plurality of mixing elements characterized as having no edges perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the plurality of substantially linear segments and which are sized and positioned within the plurality of substantially linear segments such no mixing elements are in contact with one another resulting in an open region of travel for fluids passing from the conduit inlet to conduit outlet.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. In particular, the method comprises reacting a feed stock with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. In particular, the method comprises reacting a feed stock with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for gasifying or liquifying coal. In particular, the method comprises reacting a coal with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for gasifying or liquifying coal. In particular, the method comprises reacting a coal with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

Methods and systems are described for the synthesis of graphene, synthetic graphite, and other carbon allotropes. Thus, the method describes a method to synthesize carbon nanostructures and synthetic graphite by using unrecyclable materials, such as plastic wastes (i.e., Polypropylene, Styrene, Polyethylene, Poly Vinyl Chloride, PVDF, tires, etc.), Liquid wastes (i.e. tank bottoms, PVDF liquid foams, contaminated oils, etc.) (unrecyclable carbons) regardless of its state, cleanliness, or whether it is contaminated with other byproducts.

Methods and systems are described for the synthesis of graphene, synthetic graphite, and other carbon allotropes. Thus, the method describes a method to synthesize carbon nanostructures and synthetic graphite by using unrecyclable materials, such as plastic wastes (i.e., Polypropylene, Styrene, Polyethylene, Poly Vinyl Chloride, PVDF, tires, etc.), Liquid wastes (i.e. tank bottoms, PVDF liquid foams, contaminated oils, etc.) (unrecyclable carbons) regardless of its state, cleanliness, or whether it is contaminated with other byproducts.

The present invention relates to a gasification process of a solid carbonaceous material by catalysis in molten salts. A carbonaceous material is contacted, for a defined period in the presence of air with a first molten salt bath. The first molten salt bath includes at least one chloride type salt chosen from NaCl, MgCl.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2), KCl, FeCl.sub.2 and which has a melting point greater than or equal to 300? C., a density greater than 1 measured in the liquid state and at atmospheric pressure. The gases formed are recovered, and are contacted with a second molten salt bath optionally different from said first bath and, at the outlet of said second bath, the recovered gases are either stored optionally under pressure, or reinjected into said first bath or said second bath.