The present invention provides a drain apparatus (200) for use in a subsea pipeline to remove liquid from a multiphase flow in the subsea pipeline. The drain apparatus comprises a first channel (20) for carrying a multiphase flow comprising liquid and gas phases; and liquid extraction means (11, 12, 14, 18) for extracting the liquid phase from the multiphase flow in the first channel (20). The internal diameter of the first channel (20) is substantially the same as an internal diameter of a subsea pipe arranged to carry the multiphase flow in the subsea pipeline, such that a pig travelling along the subsea pipe can pass through the first channel (20). The present invention also provides a subsea pipeline comprising a subsea pipe for transporting a multiphase flow subsea; and at least one drain. The at least one drain is disposed partway along a gradient in the subsea pipe to reduce liquid holdup.

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by the formula: Formula (i) wherein R.sub.1 comprises a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; wherein R.sub.2 comprises an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a heterocyclic group; and wherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation such as sodium, lithium, or potassium; or a multivalent metallic cation such as zinc, nickel, iron, titanium, or cobalt; or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of proton (s) to a nitrogenous base.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a multifunctional spontaneous combustion inhibitor for bituminous coal in the form of a foam concentrate, which may inhibit the spontaneous combustion of bituminous coal, prevent the scattering of bituminous coal, prevent the occurrence of problems due to spontaneous combustion, such as a power plant operation failure, bituminous coal waste, and odor generation, enables a bituminous coal power plant to be operated economically, safely and environmentally friendlily through the use of inexpensive bituminous coal, and may be used even at −20° C. by improving the pour point thereof. The present invention is characterized in that a spontaneous combustion inhibitor is prepared in the form of a water-soluble foam concentrate by using an antioxidant, a volatile fraction activation inhibitor, and an emulsifier compound, is mixed with water and air, and is distributed and applied to bituminous coal in a foamed state.

A method for producing briquettes made of a waste material includes provisioning of at least one metal and at least one organic material. The waste material is mechanically prepared in a single or multiple stages and at least one first fraction of the waste material is separated. A briquette mixture containing the at least one first fraction is produced, wherein the at least one first fraction has a calorific value of 0 MJ/kg to 30 MJ/kg. A calorific value of the briquette mixture is adjusted by varying at least the first fraction. The briquette mixture is introduced into a briquetting device and pressed into briquettes. Briquettes with a calorific value of 5 MJ/kg to 30 MJ/kg and with a maximum copper content of 0.1 wt % to 20 wt % are produced.

This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms,
into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates,
wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by formula (I) is produced by the aminolysis of an ester of a fatty acid and a C.sub.1- to C.sub.4-alcohol with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization with a carboxylic acid.

The use of at least one wax anti-settling additive, optionally in combination with one or more further additives, to reduce the filter blocking tendency of a fuel composition having a tendency to block filters, wherein the fuel composition comprises a renewable diesel component and a biodiesel component.

The present invention provides a drain apparatus (200) for use in a subsea pipeline to remove liquid from a multiphase flow in the subsea pipeline. The drain apparatus comprises a first channel (20) for carrying a multiphase flow comprising liquid and gas phases; and liquid extraction means (11, 12, 14, 18) for extracting the liquid phase from the multiphase flow in the first channel (20). The internal diameter of the first channel (20) is substantially the same as an internal diameter of a subsea pipe arranged to carry the multiphase flow in the subsea pipeline, such that a pig travelling along the subsea pipe can pass through the first channel (20). The present invention also provides a subsea pipeline comprising a subsea pipe for transporting a multiphase flow subsea; and at least one drain. The at least one drain is disposed partway along a gradient in the subsea pipe to reduce liquid holdup.

Low sulfur marine fuel compositions and methods for making the same are provided. The compositions exhibit a sulfur content of at most 0.50 wt. %, a solvent power of at least 0.30, and a P-value of at least 1.15.

The present invention provides a drain apparatus (200) for use in a subsea pipeline to remove liquid from a multiphase flow in the subsea pipeline. The drain apparatus comprises a first channel (20) for carrying a multiphase flow comprising liquid and gas phases; and liquid extraction means (11, 12, 14, 18) for extracting the liquid phase from the multiphase flow in the first channel (20). The internal diameter of the first channel (20) is substantially the same as an internal diameter of a subsea pipe arranged to carry the multiphase flow in the subsea pipeline, such that a pig travelling along the subsea pipe can pass through the first channel (20). The present invention also provides a subsea pipeline comprising a subsea pipe for transporting a multiphase flow subsea; and at least one drain. The at least one drain is disposed partway along a gradient in the subsea pipe to reduce liquid holdup.

Methods of treating a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid are described wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is contacted with an asphaltene inhibitor composition having an ionic liquid and an asphaltene inhibitor. The ionic liquid has a cation of R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3R.sup.4N.sup.+ or R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3N.sup.+R.sup.8N.sup.+R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7 and an anion, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched C.sub.1-30 alkyl group, benzyl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylbenzyl group, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl group, a straight or branched C.sub.3-30 alkenyl group, a C.sub.1-30 hydroxyalkyl group, a C.sub.7-30 hydroxyalkylbenzyl group, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; R.sup.8 is a straight or branched C.sub.1-30 alkylene, an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion includes halides, hydroxyl, bicarbonate, carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides, carboxylates, hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof.