Disclosed is a lubricating engine oil composition comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one metal or metalloid hydrogen atom donor compound. Also disclosed is a method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine, and the use of at least one metal or metalloid hydrogen atom donor compound in a lubricating engine oil composition for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine.

Disclosed is a lubricating engine oil composition comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one metal or metalloid hydrogen atom donor compound. Also disclosed is a method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine, and the use of at least one metal or metalloid hydrogen atom donor compound in a lubricating engine oil composition for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine.

A composition comprising an orthoester and an organosilane, and in some embodiments, a metal deactivator, antioxidant, lubricant and/or corrosion inhibitor. Also, disclosed is use of the composition for use in increasing thermal conductivity of internal fluids in air conditioning and refrigerant systems.

To provide a fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance, light resistance and chemical resistance, an article having a surface layer, and a method for producing it.

A fluorinated ether compound represented by A-O(R.sup.f1O).sub.mR.sup.f2SO.sub.2N(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2), wherein A is a C.sub.1-20 perfluoroalkyl group, R.sup.f1 is a fluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of from 2 to 500, R.sup.f2 is a fluoroalkylene group, R.sup.1 is a monovalent organic group having at least one hydrolyzable silyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group or a monovalent organic group having at least one hydrolyzable group, and the total number of the hydrolyzable silyl group(s) in R.sup.1 and the hydrolyzable group(s) in R.sup.2 is at least 2.

Provided is a salt that comprises a silicon-containing phosphate anion represented by formula (1) ##STR00001##
(in the formula, R.sup.1-R.sup.4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 2-8).

Nanoparticle compositions contain a graphene-based material. A preparation process involves providing several components and milling a mixture. The nanoparticle compositions can be used as a lubricant additive to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction and anti-wear performance on metal parts. A corresponding lubricant composition contains these nanoparticle compositions.

Nanoparticle compositions contain a graphene-based material. A preparation process involves providing several components and milling a mixture. The nanoparticle compositions can be used as a lubricant additive to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction and anti-wear performance on metal parts. A corresponding lubricant composition contains these nanoparticle compositions.

Provided is a salt that comprises a silicon-containing phosphate anion represented by formula (1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, R.sup.1-R.sup.4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 2-8).

Provided is an additive to grease comprising a salt including a silicon-containing phosphoric acid ester anion represented by the following formula (1).

##STR00001##

In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are independently alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms. R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms. n is an integer of 1-8.

A silole derivative is of formula (I): ##STR00001## each of the groups in the above formula is defined as those in the description. The silole derivative of formula (I) has aggregation-induced emission performance, and is particularly applicable in luminescent parts and devices, fluorescent probes, biological imaging, lubricating oils and greases. A lubricating grease composition has photoluminescence performance, as well as one or more of advantageous anti-oxidation properties, anti-wear properties, extreme pressure properties and anti-rust properties. It is applicable in many mechanical equipment in electrical industry, metallurgical industry, food industry, paper industry, automobile industry and aircraft industry.