A regulation method for preparing γ-polyglutamic acid by sludge substrate fermentation includes: 1) extraction of glutamic acid from sludge protein (high pressure hydrothermal treatment, gravity pressure filtration treatment), 2) secondary metabolic synthesis of γ-polyglutamic acid (activation of domesticated strains and secondary metabolic fermentation strains); and 3) preparation of pure γ-polyglutamic acid (acidification, centrifugation, filtration, precipitation based on polar repulsion, purification, impurity removal and drying). The present invention realizes a recycling of high-value carbon and nitrogen sources of sludge without secondary pollution, and has advantages of simplified operation, good feasibility, and low preparation cost. The synthesized γ-polyglutamic acid has high economic value and broad application prospect.

The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid. The method can include culturing a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam or hexametheylenediamine producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid.

There is provided a method of producing aminohexanoic acid and/or aminohexanoic acid ester from synthesis gas, the method comprising: A. contacting the synthesis gas with at least one bacteria capable of carrying out the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and the ethanol-carboxylate fermentation to produce hexanoic acid; and B. contacting the hexanoic acid with a genetically modified cell to produce aminohexanoic acid and/or aminohexanoic acid ester, wherein the genetically modified cell has an increased activity, in comparison with its wild type, of alkane monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and ω-transaminase.

There is provided a method of producing aminohexanoic acid and/or aminohexanoic acid ester from synthesis gas, the method comprising: A. contacting the synthesis gas with at least one bacteria capable of carrying out the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and the ethanol-carboxylate fermentation to produce hexanoic acid; and B. contacting the hexanoic acid with a genetically modified cell to produce aminohexanoic acid and/or aminohexanoic acid ester, wherein the genetically modified cell has an increased activity, in comparison with its wild type, of alkane monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and ω-transaminase.

A process for the enzyme-catalyzed preparation of prepolymers for the production of plastics, based on an enzyme-catalyzed polymerization of monomer or oligomer compounds in a single phase aqueous solution, as well as the separation of the prepolymers precipitated therefrom and their subsequent use for the production of plastics and plastic articles obtainable therefrom. In particular, the invention relates to respective methods for enzyme-catalyzed preparation of prepolymers with polyamide-type bonding structure for the production of polyamide-based plastics.

A process for the enzyme-catalyzed preparation of prepolymers for the production of plastics, based on an enzyme-catalyzed polymerization of monomer or oligomer compounds in a single phase aqueous solution, as well as the separation of the prepolymers precipitated therefrom and their subsequent use for the production of plastics and plastic articles obtainable therefrom. In particular, the invention relates to respective methods for enzyme-catalyzed preparation of prepolymers with polyamide-type bonding structure for the production of polyamide-based plastics.

The present disclosure provides methods for biosynthesis of acetaminophen. The present disclosure provides host cells genetically modified to provide for production of acetaminophen. The present disclosure provides a recombinant host cell that is genetically modified with one or more heterologous nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase (4ABH) and N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase (NhoA). The present disclosure provides a recombinant prokaryotic host cell that is genetically modified with one or more heterologous nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding 44ABH and NhoA.

The present disclosure provides methods for biosynthesis of acetaminophen. The present disclosure provides host cells genetically modified to provide for production of acetaminophen. The present disclosure provides a recombinant host cell that is genetically modified with one or more heterologous nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase (4ABH) and N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase (NhoA). The present disclosure provides a recombinant prokaryotic host cell that is genetically modified with one or more heterologous nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding 44ABH and NhoA.

The present application relates to an L-threonine-producing microorganism and a production method for L-threonine using the same, and more specifically, to a microorganism having enhanced L-threonine productivity and a method for producing L-threonine in high yield using the same.

Methods for the production of L-glufosinate (also known as phosphinothricin or (S)-2-amino-4-(hydroxy(methyl)phosphonoyl)butanoic acid) are provided. The methods comprise a two-step process. The first step involves the oxidative deamination of D-glufosinate to PPO (2-oxo-4-(hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl)butyric acid). The second step involves the specific amination of PPO to L-glufosinate, using an amine group from one or more amine donors. By combining these two reactions, the proportion of L-glufosinate in a mixture of L-glufosinate and D-glufosinate can be substantially increased.