The present invention relates to a method for producing a glycosylated sphingoid base of interest or an analogue thereof, the method comprising providing an internalized exogenous precursor and a genetically modified cell, wherein one or more glycosylation reactions can be performed on the exogenous precursor in the genetically modified cell, the genetically modified cell comprising one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding one or more glycosyltransferase enzymes.

Provided are novel flavone hydroxylases, a microorganism for synthesizing flavone C-glycoside compounds, and use thereof. The present inventor obtains novel flavones hydroxylates PhF2H and PhF3′H by cloning, which belong to cytochrome P450 hydroxylates and have the function of hydroxylating specific positions of compounds. Further, the present inventor, by modifying the enzymes and combining a C-glycoside glycosyltransferase and assembly of a synthesis pathway of a flavone precursor, efficiently synthesizes flavone C-glycoside compounds such as oriention, isooriention, vitexin and isovitexin, and related intermediates such as eriodictyol and 2-hydroxynaringenin in the synthesis pathway thereof in an artificial recombinant expression system.

Provided are novel flavone hydroxylases, a microorganism for synthesizing flavone C-glycoside compounds, and use thereof. The present inventor obtains novel flavones hydroxylates PhF2H and PhF3′H by cloning, which belong to cytochrome P450 hydroxylates and have the function of hydroxylating specific positions of compounds. Further, the present inventor, by modifying the enzymes and combining a C-glycoside glycosyltransferase and assembly of a synthesis pathway of a flavone precursor, efficiently synthesizes flavone C-glycoside compounds such as oriention, isooriention, vitexin and isovitexin, and related intermediates such as eriodictyol and 2-hydroxynaringenin in the synthesis pathway thereof in an artificial recombinant expression system.

Disclosed are novel glycosylated psilocybin derivative compounds and pharmaceutical and recreational drug formulations containing the same. The compounds may be produced by reacting a hydroxylated psilocybin derivative with a glycosyl compound.

The present invention relates to the field of recombining production of biological molecules in host cells. The invention provides nucleic acid constructs that allow to modify expression of a desired gene using both in vitro and in vivo gene expression systems. The constructs can advantageously be used to produce a variety of biological molecules recombinantly in industrial scales, e.g. human milk oligosaccharides (HMO).

Reaction compositions are disclosed herein comprising at least water, beta-glucose -1-phosphate (beta-G1P), an acceptor molecule, and an alpha-1,3-glucan phosphorylase enzyme. These reactions can synthesize oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages. Further disclosed are alpha-1,3-glucan phosphorylase enzymes and methods of use thereof.

Reaction compositions are disclosed herein comprising at least water, beta-glucose -1-phosphate (beta-G1P), an acceptor molecule, and an alpha-1,3-glucan phosphorylase enzyme. These reactions can synthesize oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages. Further disclosed are alpha-1,3-glucan phosphorylase enzymes and methods of use thereof.

Disclosed herein are genetically modified microorganisms and related methods for enhanced utilization of oligosaccharides and improved productivity of compounds derived from the metabolism of the oligosaccharides. The microorganisms described herein have altered activities of plasma membrane ATPase protein (PMA1) and/or one or more extracellular glucose sensors, namely, sucrose non-fermenting protein (SNF3), restores glucose transport protein (RGT2), and G protein-coupled receptor 1 protein (GPR1). These genetic modifications provide the microorganisms an increased ability to utilize an oligosaccharide to produce a compound of interest, particularly, tagatose, 2′-fucosyllactose, and psicose. Methods of culturing the microorganisms in the presence of such oligosaccharides to produce the products of interest are also provided.

A method for providing a low lactose milk-based product having GOS fiber is provided in which a milk substrate having lactose is treated with a transgalactosylating enzyme to provide GOS fiber and remaining lactose; deactivating the transgalactosylating enzyme; contacting the milk-based substrate having GOS fiber with a lactase to degrade the remaining lactose to provide the low lactose milk-based product having GOS fiber and deactivating the lactase. Also provided are enzymes and GOS fiber and lactose amounts and stability.

A method for providing a low lactose milk-based product having GOS fiber is provided in which a milk substrate having lactose is treated with a transgalactosylating enzyme to provide GOS fiber and remaining lactose; deactivating the transgalactosylating enzyme; contacting the milk-based substrate having GOS fiber with a lactase to degrade the remaining lactose to provide the low lactose milk-based product having GOS fiber and deactivating the lactase. Also provided are enzymes and GOS fiber and lactose amounts and stability.