The present disclosure relates to synthesis of heparin, which may be bioequivalent to porcine USP Heparin Sodium. The synthesis may involve three intermediates starting from heparosan.

α1-2-fucosyltransferases, and methods and compositions for making and using α1-2-fucosyltransferases, are described herein.

α1-2-fucosyltransferases, and methods and compositions for making and using α1-2-fucosyltransferases, are described herein.

The invention relates to a low molecular weight sulfate chondroitin and a preparation method thereof. A low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate with the average molecular weight of less than 1000 Dalton can be obtained by a production process of chondroitin sulfate lyase degradation, deproteinization, filtration and sterilization and drying using macromolecular sulfate chondroitin as a raw material. The low molecular weight Chondroitin sulfate has a narrow molecular weight distribution range, the ratio of chondroitin sulfate disaccharide is 43˜60% and the ratio of chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharide is 30˜45%, the sum of chondroitin sulfate disaccharide and chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharide is more than 87%, the total oligosaccharide content of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate is more than 97% and the protein content is less than 0.5%; Compared with the general market macromolecule chondroitin sulfate, the product has more remarkable repair effect at the concentration of 50˜100 μg/mL on chondrocytes damaged by 1 mM hydrogen peroxide, with strong repair ability and repair rate of 14%˜23%. The low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate can be used to treat joint injury and is an important raw material for medical products, health care products, cosmetics and food.

The present invention relates to the separation and isolation of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from the reaction mixture in which they are produced.

The present invention relates to the separation and isolation of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from the reaction mixture in which they are produced.

The invention relates to uses and methods implementing a non-naturally occurring mutated arylsulfotransferase comprising (i) an amino acid substitution in at least one amino acid position selected among positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 17, 20, 33, 62, 97, 138, 195, 236, 239, 244, 263, and combinations thereof, wherein the position is relative to the amino acids sequence of rat arylsulfotransferase IV SEQ ID NO: 1, and (ii) an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity with amino acids sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 for sulfating a substrate. The mutated arylsulfotransferase may have a sulfotransferase activity for converting adenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate (PAP) into 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) enhanced compared to the wild-type enzyme.

The present invention includes methods for preparing anticoagulant polysaccharides using several non-naturally occurring, engineered sulfotransferase enzymes that are designed to react with aryl sulfate compounds instead of the natural substrate, PAPS, to facilitate sulfo group transfer to polysaccharide sulfo group acceptors. Suitable aryl sulfate compounds include, but are not limited to, p-nitrophenyl sulfate or 4-nitrocatechol sulfate. Anticoagulant polysaccharides produced by methods of the present invention comprise N-, 3-O-, 6-O-sulfated glucosamine residues and 2-O sulfated hexuronic acid residues, have comparable anticoagulant activity compared to commercially-available anticoagulant polysaccharides, and can be utilized to form truncated anticoagulant polysaccharides having a reduced molecular weight.

The invention provides a method for producing sulfated polysaccharides by reacting a PAPS production/regeneration system utilizing the metabolic activity of a microorganism or a treated matter thereof with a microorganism expressing a sulfation enzyme or a treated matter or extract thereof upon mixing of inexpensive raw materials such as magnesium sulfate. The invention also provides a method for producing PAPS from inexpensive raw materials. The methods involve preparing a transformant (a) of a bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium, which contains a gene encoding an ATP sulfurylase and a gene encoding an APS kinase, which are expressible, and in which a cell plasma membrane of the transformant (a) is substance-permeable, or a treated matter of the transformant (a), and conducting a reaction for producing PAPS by using a reaction solution containing ATP or an ATP source, a sulfate ion source, and the transformant (a) or the treated matter thereof.

The invention provides a method for producing sulfated polysaccharides by reacting a PAPS production/regeneration system utilizing the metabolic activity of a microorganism or a treated matter thereof with a microorganism expressing a sulfation enzyme or a treated matter or extract thereof upon mixing of inexpensive raw materials such as magnesium sulfate. The invention also provides a method for producing PAPS from inexpensive raw materials. The methods involve preparing a transformant (a) of a bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium, which contains a gene encoding an ATP sulfurylase and a gene encoding an APS kinase, which are expressible, and in which a cell plasma membrane of the transformant (a) is substance-permeable, or a treated matter of the transformant (a), and conducting a reaction for producing PAPS by using a reaction solution containing ATP or an ATP source, a sulfate ion source, and the transformant (a) or the treated matter thereof.