The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycosylated organic compound by in vitro glycosylation of an organic compound having a nucleophilic group with a saccharide under catalysis of a Leloir glycosyltrans-ferase system comprising at least a first glycosyl transferase and a second glycosyl transferase. The invention further relates to a composition comprising a glycosylated organic compound that is obtainable by the process according to the invention.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for producing high-HLB sophorolipid-based compositions and/or for increasing the water solubility of sophorolipid compositions. More specifically, the subject invention provides for the production and post-fermentation alteration of SLP molecules, which can be used for formulating a variety of useful compositions.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for producing high-HLB sophorolipid-based compositions and/or for increasing the water solubility of sophorolipid compositions. More specifically, the subject invention provides for the production and post-fermentation alteration of SLP molecules, which can be used for formulating a variety of useful compositions.

The invention relates to systems and methods for effective production and use of microorganisms and/or the fermentation broth in which they are produced. Advantageously, the system is cost-effective, scalable, quick, versatile, efficacious, and helpful in reducing resistance to chemical compounds and residue that concerns consumers.

The invention relates to systems and methods for effective production and use of microorganisms and/or the fermentation broth in which they are produced. Advantageously, the system is cost-effective, scalable, quick, versatile, efficacious, and helpful in reducing resistance to chemical compounds and residue that concerns consumers.

The disclosure discloses recombinant Bacillus subtilis for synthesizing e lacto-N-neotetraose yield. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis is obtained by integrating two β-1,4-galactotransferase genes on a genome of a host bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168ΔamyE:P.sub.43-lacY, P.sub.43-lgtB, P.sub.xylA-comK and exogenously expressing a β-1,3-N-glucosaminotransferase gene. Compared with a strain before transformation, the recombinant Bacillus subtilis of the disclosure improves the yield of the synthesized lacto-N-neotetraose from 720 mg/L to 1300 mg/L, laying a foundation for further metabolic engineering transformation of Bacillus subtilis for producing the lacto-N-neotetraose.

The disclosure discloses recombinant Bacillus subtilis for synthesizing e lacto-N-neotetraose yield. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis is obtained by integrating two β-1,4-galactotransferase genes on a genome of a host bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168ΔamyE:P.sub.43-lacY, P.sub.43-lgtB, P.sub.xylA-comK and exogenously expressing a β-1,3-N-glucosaminotransferase gene. Compared with a strain before transformation, the recombinant Bacillus subtilis of the disclosure improves the yield of the synthesized lacto-N-neotetraose from 720 mg/L to 1300 mg/L, laying a foundation for further metabolic engineering transformation of Bacillus subtilis for producing the lacto-N-neotetraose.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of a serine ADP-ribosylated protein or peptide comprising preparing an aqueous buffered solution comprising 5 to 60 mM, preferably 10 to 60 mM of a buffer and having a pH between 5.0 and 9.0, preferably between 5.5 to 8.5, and most preferably between 6.1 to 8.3, said solution further comprising (a) 0.2 to 2.5 mM NAD.sup.+, (b) at least 50 nM, preferably 50 to 3000 nM PARP-1, PARP-2 or the PARP-1 variant E988Q, (c) at least 100 nM, preferably 100 to 5000 nM HPF1, (d) at least 10 μg/mL, preferably 10 μg/mL to 200 μg/mL sonicated DNA, said sonicated DNA preferably comprising DNA fragments of 10 to 330 bp, and (e) up to 600 μM protein or peptide, said protein or peptide comprising at least one serine, thereby generating a reaction mix, in which the protein or peptide becomes serine ADP-ribosylated.

A method or producing amino sugar (containing) products using metabolically engineered microorganisms is disclosed, wherein the conversion of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to cell envelope precursors and molecules is reduced by altering the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis of cell envelope precursors and molecules.

A method or producing amino sugar (containing) products using metabolically engineered microorganisms is disclosed, wherein the conversion of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to cell envelope precursors and molecules is reduced by altering the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis of cell envelope precursors and molecules.