A simpler ADC production method is provided. A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate including the following step: the step of conjugating a glycan-homogenized antibody and a glycosylated drug. The glycosylated drug consists of a drug bound to a glycan having an oxazolinated reducing end via a linker. The glycan-homogenized antibody and the glycosylated drug can be conjugated with an endo-P-N-acetylglucosaminidase mutant enzyme.

A simpler ADC production method is provided. A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate including the following step: the step of conjugating a glycan-homogenized antibody and a glycosylated drug. The glycosylated drug consists of a drug bound to a glycan having an oxazolinated reducing end via a linker. The glycan-homogenized antibody and the glycosylated drug can be conjugated with an endo-P-N-acetylglucosaminidase mutant enzyme.

Compositions are provided for hydrocarbon separation applications. In some embodiments, the composition comprises lignin, in particular technical lignin, and at least one strain of bacteria capable of biosurfactant production and/or a biosurfactant produced by at least one such isolated strain of bacteria. Also provided is a method for separating hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-containing material.

Compositions are provided for heavy or precious metal separation and/or recovery applications. In some embodiments, the composition comprises lignin, in particular technical lignin, and at least one strain of bacteria capable of biosurfactant production, and/or such biosurfactant. Also provided is a method for separating and/or recovering heavy or precious metals from a crushed or milled ore comprising the metals.

Novel sophorolipid derivatives with enhanced antimicrobial activity have been identified as disinfecting active ingredients. These derivatives are produced through a fermentation of Starmerella bombicola utilizing dextrose and an oleochemical feedstock that is high in oleic acid. A two-step synthetic scheme is used to generate a reactive aldehyde handle and then install nature-derived cationic biodegradable functional groups. These cationic sophorolipid derivatives are purified using ion exchange resins to afford high purity sophorolipid derivative salts for formulation into disinfecting consumer products.

Novel sophorolipid derivatives with enhanced antimicrobial activity have been identified as disinfecting active ingredients. These derivatives are produced through a fermentation of Starmerella bombicola utilizing dextrose and an oleochemical feedstock that is high in oleic acid. A two-step synthetic scheme is used to generate a reactive aldehyde handle and then install nature-derived cationic biodegradable functional groups. These cationic sophorolipid derivatives are purified using ion exchange resins to afford high purity sophorolipid derivative salts for formulation into disinfecting consumer products.

Suggested are new microbial glycolipids of formula (I), wherein X stands for nitrogen or oxygen; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, CO-Alkyl, CO-Aryl, CON-Alkyl, CON-Aryl, SO.sub.2-Alkyl, SO.sub.2-Aryl, CO(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOH with n=1 to 4, or an amino acid; R.sup.2 represents OH or O-Glucose; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or OH; n 1 or 2 has the meaning of a single or double bond.

Suggested are new microbial glycolipids of formula (I), wherein X stands for nitrogen or oxygen; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, CO-Alkyl, CO-Aryl, CON-Alkyl, CON-Aryl, SO.sub.2-Alkyl, SO.sub.2-Aryl, CO(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOH with n=1 to 4, or an amino acid; R.sup.2 represents OH or O-Glucose; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or OH; n 1 or 2 has the meaning of a single or double bond.

The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides, glycosides of steviol precursors, and steviol glycoside precursors.

The present invention relates to a process for selectively producing sophorolactone without use of organic solvent, comprising the steps of: pre-cultivating cells of a Candida species capable of producing sophorolactone, in absence of an oily substrate until a stationary growth phase is obtained, cultivating said pre-cultivated cells in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one fermentable sugar and substrate; the reaction mixture of sugar, substrate and pre-cultivated cells being present in an amount and conditions such that the cells metabolize the sugar and substrate thereby forming sophorolactone and fatty acid, continuously feeding said substrate to said cells thereby suppressing the formation of fatty acid and keeping fatty acid levels in the reaction mixture below 10 g/l, resulting in the crystallization of at least part of the sophorolactone present in the reaction mixture, warming the reaction mixture to a temperature between 60? C. and 90? C., thereby melting the sophorolactone crystals, allowing the molten sophorolactone to settle and to provide a crude sophorolactone composition, and removing the crude sophorolactone composition from the remainder of the reaction mixture without use of an organic solvent.