The present invention discloses a membrane-less reactor design for microbial electrosynthesis of alcohols from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). The membrane-less reactor design thus facilitates higher and efficient CO.sub.2 transformation to alcohols via single pot microbial electrosynthesis. The reactor design operates efficiently avoiding oxygen contact at working electrode without using membrane, in turn there is an increase in CO.sub.2 solubility and its bioavailability for subsequent CO.sub.2 conversion to alcohols at faster rate. The present invention further provides a process of operation of the reactor for biotransformation of the carbon dioxide.

The present invention discloses a membrane-less reactor design for microbial electrosynthesis of alcohols from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). The membrane-less reactor design thus facilitates higher and efficient CO.sub.2 transformation to alcohols via single pot microbial electrosynthesis. The reactor design operates efficiently avoiding oxygen contact at working electrode without using membrane, in turn there is an increase in CO.sub.2 solubility and its bioavailability for subsequent CO.sub.2 conversion to alcohols at faster rate. The present invention further provides a process of operation of the reactor for biotransformation of the carbon dioxide.

A portable electrolyzer includes an electrolyze chamber with an anode and a cathode as electrodes, a membrane, a water source, such as a water storage vessel, a gas tank, a gas compressor, an electric power supply, and a pulse-width modulator. The electrolyzer further includes i) a thermoelectric cooler attached to the electrolyze chamber and/or a gas tank, ii) an ultrasonic generator connected to at least one electrode and/or at least one sonotrode, and/or iii) a mixer capable of mixing the aqueous phase inside the electrolyze chamber. A process to generate and store hydrogen with the electrolyzer, the use of the electrolyzer e.g. for welding with a hydrogen flame, to convert electricity from renewable energies into hydrogen and to store said electricity in the form of hydrogen, and/or for heat generation by burning hydrogen in a porous burner are also disclosed. Furthermore, a blowtorch including the electrolyzer is disclosed.

A portable electrolyzer includes an electrolyze chamber with an anode and a cathode as electrodes, a membrane, a water source, such as a water storage vessel, a gas tank, a gas compressor, an electric power supply, and a pulse-width modulator. The electrolyzer further includes i) a thermoelectric cooler attached to the electrolyze chamber and/or a gas tank, ii) an ultrasonic generator connected to at least one electrode and/or at least one sonotrode, and/or iii) a mixer capable of mixing the aqueous phase inside the electrolyze chamber. A process to generate and store hydrogen with the electrolyzer, the use of the electrolyzer e.g. for welding with a hydrogen flame, to convert electricity from renewable energies into hydrogen and to store said electricity in the form of hydrogen, and/or for heat generation by burning hydrogen in a porous burner are also disclosed. Furthermore, a blowtorch including the electrolyzer is disclosed.

Electrolytic cells for electrolysis of water, the electrolytic cells including two sub-cells, one containing the anode, the other the cathode. The electrolytic cells are configured so that at least the hydrogen formed due to electrolysis is passed through a deflection tube and into an electrolyte outside of the electrolytic sub-cell. This configuration serves as a security measure to prevent a flashback of a combustion reaction, and makes the presence of a separate bubbler superfluous.

Electrolytic cells for electrolysis of water, the electrolytic cells including two sub-cells, one containing the anode, the other the cathode. The electrolytic cells are configured so that at least the hydrogen formed due to electrolysis is passed through a deflection tube and into an electrolyte outside of the electrolytic sub-cell. This configuration serves as a security measure to prevent a flashback of a combustion reaction, and makes the presence of a separate bubbler superfluous.

Systems and processes for the production of hydrogen (H2) gas and oxygen (O2) gas from an aqueous electrolyte solution are described. A water-splitting system can include a reactor that includes H2 and O2 generating chambers that can be separate chambers but are not separated by a H2 and/or O2 gas permeable material. The H2 generating chamber can include a cathode and at least a first fluid inlet. The O2 generating chamber can include an anode in electrical communication with the cathode and at least a first fluid inlet. The first and second fluid inlets can each be configured to receive a purged electrolyte solution, a purge gas, or a mixture thereof.

A portable electrolyzer includes an electrolyze chamber with an anode and a cathode as electrodes, a membrane, a water source, such as a water storage vessel, a gas tank, a gas compressor, an electric power supply, and a pulse-width modulator. The electrolyzer further includes i) a thermoelectric cooler attached to the electrolyze chamber and/or a gas tank, ii) an ultrasonic generator connected to at least one electrode and/or at least one sonotrode, and/or iii) a mixer capable of mixing the aqueous phase inside the electrolyze chamber. A process to generate and store hydrogen with the electrolyzer, the use of the electrolyzer e.g. for welding with a hydrogen flame, to convert electricity from renewable energies into hydrogen and to store said electricity in the form of hydrogen, and/or for heat generation by burning hydrogen in a porous burner are also disclosed. Furthermore, a blowtorch including the electrolyzer is disclosed.

A thin film deposition system is disclosed in order to form a thin film on a substrate. The thin film deposition system comprises a hydrogen peroxide source. The hydrogen peroxide source comprises an electrochemical cell that converts a hydrogen gas to a hydrogen ion gas. The electrochemical cell converts an oxygen gas and water into a liquid phase complex. The liquid phase complex reacts with the hydrogen ion gas to form hydrogen peroxide.

A thin film deposition system is disclosed in order to form a thin film on a substrate. The thin film deposition system comprises a hydrogen peroxide source. The hydrogen peroxide source comprises an electrochemical cell that converts a hydrogen gas to a hydrogen ion gas. The electrochemical cell converts an oxygen gas and water into a liquid phase complex. The liquid phase complex reacts with the hydrogen ion gas to form hydrogen peroxide.