An object has a durable superhydrophic, self-cleaning, and icephobic coating includes a substrate and a layer disposed on the substrate, the layer resulting from coating with a formulation having an effective amount of hierarchical structuring micro/nanoparticles, liquid silane having one or more groups configured to graft to a hierarchical structuring micro/nanoparticle and at least another group that results in hydrophobicity. The hierarchical structuring micro/nanoparticles are dispersed in the liquid silane. Another effective amount of synthetic adhesive, selected from thermosetting binders, moisture curing adhesives or polymers that form a strong interaction with a surface, is in solution with a solvent. Upon curing, the layer has a contact angle greater than 90 and a sliding angle of less than 10 and, less than 5% of an area of the layer is removed in a Tape test.

An object has a durable superhydrophic, self-cleaning, and icephobic coating includes a substrate and a layer disposed on the substrate, the layer resulting from coating with a formulation having an effective amount of hierarchical structuring micro/nanoparticles, liquid silane having one or more groups configured to graft to a hierarchical structuring micro/nanoparticle and at least another group that results in hydrophobicity. The hierarchical structuring micro/nanoparticles are dispersed in the liquid silane. Another effective amount of synthetic adhesive, selected from thermosetting binders, moisture curing adhesives or polymers that form a strong interaction with a surface, is in solution with a solvent. Upon curing, the layer has a contact angle greater than 90 and a sliding angle of less than 10 and, less than 5% of an area of the layer is removed in a Tape test.

A deposition mask according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a mask main body including a pattern portion formed with a pattern opening, and a frame portion surrounding the pattern portion; a mask frame supporting the frame portion of the mask main body; and an intermediate member having a shape corresponding to the mask frame, the intermediate member being disposed between the mask main body and the mask frame. The mask main body and a first face of the intermediate member are joined together, and the mask frame and a face of the intermediate member on the side opposite to the first face are joined together.

A deposition mask according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a mask main body including a pattern portion formed with a pattern opening, and a frame portion surrounding the pattern portion; a mask frame supporting the frame portion of the mask main body; and an intermediate member having a shape corresponding to the mask frame, the intermediate member being disposed between the mask main body and the mask frame. The mask main body and a first face of the intermediate member are joined together, and the mask frame and a face of the intermediate member on the side opposite to the first face are joined together.

A method for manufacturing a mold includes forming a groove in a back surface of a mold body configured to mold a resin or a rubber by cutting or by electrical discharge machining the back surface of the mold body, placing a porous conductive sheet, including a plurality of through holes and being conductive at least at a surface of the porous conductive sheet, on the back surface of the mold body so as to cover the groove, and temporarily fixing the porous conductive sheet to the back surface of the mold body by spot welded portions, wherein a part of the porous conductive sheet which covers the groove has a flat shape, and performing electroforming to cause an electroformed metal to be electrodeposited on the back surface of the mold body and on the porous conductive sheet.

A method for manufacturing a mold includes forming a groove in a back surface of a mold body configured to mold a resin or a rubber by cutting or by electrical discharge machining the back surface of the mold body, placing a porous conductive sheet, including a plurality of through holes and being conductive at least at a surface of the porous conductive sheet, on the back surface of the mold body so as to cover the groove, and temporarily fixing the porous conductive sheet to the back surface of the mold body by spot welded portions, wherein a part of the porous conductive sheet which covers the groove has a flat shape, and performing electroforming to cause an electroformed metal to be electrodeposited on the back surface of the mold body and on the porous conductive sheet.

A method of forming a tubular element includes providing an attachment joint, and disposing a mandrel adjacent the attachment joint, where the mandrel can also include an outer or exposed surface. Metal can be disposed on the outer surface of the mandrel to form at least a portion of the tubular element.

A method of forming a tubular element includes providing an attachment joint, and disposing a mandrel adjacent the attachment joint, where the mandrel can also include an outer or exposed surface. Metal can be disposed on the outer surface of the mandrel to form at least a portion of the tubular element.

Disclosed are methods of manufacturing a SH surface including: creating a master with SH features by: depositing a rigid material onto a first surface, wherein the first surface is a shrinkable platform; shrinking the first surface by heating to create a SH surface, wherein the SH surface has micro- and nano-scale structural features that trap air pockets and prevent water from wetting the surface; forming the master by molding an epoxy with the shrunken first surface having a SH surface, wherein the master acquires the SH features of the first surface; and imprinting the SH features of the master onto a second surface to impart the SH features of the master onto the second surface. Some embodiments relate to a superhydrophobic (SH) surface, an article including a SH surface as disclosed, such as a microfluidic device or a food container.

Disclosed are methods of manufacturing a SH surface including: creating a master with SH features by: depositing a rigid material onto a first surface, wherein the first surface is a shrinkable platform; shrinking the first surface by heating to create a SH surface, wherein the SH surface has micro- and nano-scale structural features that trap air pockets and prevent water from wetting the surface; forming the master by molding an epoxy with the shrunken first surface having a SH surface, wherein the master acquires the SH features of the first surface; and imprinting the SH features of the master onto a second surface to impart the SH features of the master onto the second surface. Some embodiments relate to a superhydrophobic (SH) surface, an article including a SH surface as disclosed, such as a microfluidic device or a food container.