The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of dopamine and serotonin including an electrode containing a reduced graphene oxide (rGO), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and Nafion, wherein the sensor has high interfacial conductivity and electrocatalytic properties and further improves the negatively charged electrode interface, thereby enabling high sensitivity selective measurement of dopamine and serotonin. In addition, since the sensor according to the present disclosure is stable for a long time and has high reproducibility, it can be used for clinical diagnosis of various brain and neurological diseases, drug treatment, biological research using changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters, and biochip application fields.

A coated substrate that may exhibit anti-scaling properties includes a substrate comprising a metal or alloy, an intermediary layer formed on the substrate, and a non-crosslinked omniphobic coating formed on the intermediary layer. A method of forming an anti-scaling coating on a substrate includes forming an intermediary layer on a substrate comprising a metal or alloy, and forming a non-crosslinked omniphobic coating on the intermediary layer.

A coated substrate that may exhibit anti-scaling properties includes a substrate comprising a metal or alloy, an intermediary layer formed on the substrate, and a non-crosslinked omniphobic coating formed on the intermediary layer. A method of forming an anti-scaling coating on a substrate includes forming an intermediary layer on a substrate comprising a metal or alloy, and forming a non-crosslinked omniphobic coating on the intermediary layer.

Graphene electrodes-based supercapacitors are in demand due to superior electrochemical characteristics. However, commercial applications have been limited by inferior electrode cycle life. A method to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitor electrodes using pristine graphene sheets vertically-stacked and electrically connected to the carbon fibers which results in vertically-aligned graphene-carbon fiber nanostructure is disclosed. The vertically-aligned graphene-carbon fiber electrode prepared by electrophoretic deposition possesses a mesoporous three-dimensional architecture which enabled faster and efficient electrolyte-ion diffusion with a specific capacitance of 333.3 F g.sup.−1. The electrodes have electrochemical cycling stability of more than 100,000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention. Apart from the electrochemical double layer charge storage, the oxygen-containing surface moieties and α-Ni(OH).sub.2 present on the graphene sheets enhance the charge storage by faradaic reactions. This enables the assembled device to provide a gravimetric energy density of 76 W h kg.sup.−1 with a 100% capacitance retention even after 1,000 bending cycles.

Graphene electrodes-based supercapacitors are in demand due to superior electrochemical characteristics. However, commercial applications have been limited by inferior electrode cycle life. A method to fabricate highly efficient supercapacitor electrodes using pristine graphene sheets vertically-stacked and electrically connected to the carbon fibers which results in vertically-aligned graphene-carbon fiber nanostructure is disclosed. The vertically-aligned graphene-carbon fiber electrode prepared by electrophoretic deposition possesses a mesoporous three-dimensional architecture which enabled faster and efficient electrolyte-ion diffusion with a specific capacitance of 333.3 F g.sup.−1. The electrodes have electrochemical cycling stability of more than 100,000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention. Apart from the electrochemical double layer charge storage, the oxygen-containing surface moieties and α-Ni(OH).sub.2 present on the graphene sheets enhance the charge storage by faradaic reactions. This enables the assembled device to provide a gravimetric energy density of 76 W h kg.sup.−1 with a 100% capacitance retention even after 1,000 bending cycles.

An implant is provided comprising a substrate having one or more nanoceria coatings coated at least partially thereon, wherein the one or more nanoceria coatings comprise surface cerium having a 3+/4+ oxidation state ratio such that the one or more nanoceria coatings exhibit catalase mimetic activity, superoxide dismutase mimetic activity, or both. Methods are provided for forming a nanoceria coaling. The coating has nanoceria having a surface cerium 3+/4+ oxidation state ratio such that such that the coating exhibits catalase mimetic activity, superoxide dismutase mimetic activity, or both. Also disclosed is a method of reducing degradation of an implant by placing nanoceria in proximity to a bone-implant interface.

An implant is provided comprising a substrate having one or more nanoceria coatings coated at least partially thereon, wherein the one or more nanoceria coatings comprise surface cerium having a 3+/4+ oxidation state ratio such that the one or more nanoceria coatings exhibit catalase mimetic activity, superoxide dismutase mimetic activity, or both. Methods are provided for forming a nanoceria coaling. The coating has nanoceria having a surface cerium 3+/4+ oxidation state ratio such that such that the coating exhibits catalase mimetic activity, superoxide dismutase mimetic activity, or both. Also disclosed is a method of reducing degradation of an implant by placing nanoceria in proximity to a bone-implant interface.

The technology concerns methods for stabilizing slurries and/or electrophoretic deposition (EPD) bath suspensions for the preparation of electrodes and/or separation area or any other coating and specifically, to electrodes and separators for use in energy storage devices.

The technology concerns methods for stabilizing slurries and/or electrophoretic deposition (EPD) bath suspensions for the preparation of electrodes and/or separation area or any other coating and specifically, to electrodes and separators for use in energy storage devices.

Disclosed is a method for surface treatment of an object, the method including the following steps: applying a surface layer on the object by electrodeposition of the object in a liquid bath; and forming the surface layer as a result of the bath containing at least an electrodeposition coating material and a conductive material. Furthermore, the method includes: providing the conductive material in the form of a carbon-based compound which is configured as a protective barrier covering generally the entire surface of the object. Also disclosed is an object including a surface layer which is applied in accordance with the above-mentioned method.