A decoupled plating system is provided for producing lithium. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a feed tank configured to supply a lithium-rich aqueous electrolyte stream, a plating tank that is configured to receive an organic electrolyte and plate out lithium metal from that organic electrolyte, and one or more lithium replenishment cells configured to receive both electrolytes, keep them separated, and selectively move lithium ions from the aqueous electrolyte into the spent organic electrolyte stream. The present system and process can advantageously reduce operating costs and/or improve energy efficiency in production of lithium metal and associated products.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment device and a paddle with improved strength and uniform plating thickness by uniformly stirring surface treatment solution near an object to be plated. Also, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment method capable of stirring for a long period of time, by uniformizing plating thickness, and by improving a strength of a paddle. A surface treatment device comprising at least one plateshaped paddle, in a surface treatment tank, for stirring surface treatment solution near an object to be plated by reciprocally moving the paddle with respect to the object to be plated, wherein the paddle is configured by integrally forming a plurality of square bars provided in depth direction of the surface treatment solution in the surface treatment tank along the object to be plated at regular intervals, and a square bar of the plurality of square bars is provided with a curved surface with respect to the object to be plated in a cross section in thickness direction of the square bar.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment device and a paddle with improved strength and uniform plating thickness by uniformly stirring surface treatment solution near an object to be plated. Also, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment method capable of stirring for a long period of time, by uniformizing plating thickness, and by improving a strength of a paddle. A surface treatment device comprising at least one plateshaped paddle, in a surface treatment tank, for stirring surface treatment solution near an object to be plated by reciprocally moving the paddle with respect to the object to be plated, wherein the paddle is configured by integrally forming a plurality of square bars provided in depth direction of the surface treatment solution in the surface treatment tank along the object to be plated at regular intervals, and a square bar of the plurality of square bars is provided with a curved surface with respect to the object to be plated in a cross section in thickness direction of the square bar.

An electroforming system and method for electroforming a component includes an electroforming reservoir with a housing with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and at least one anode chamber within the housing and fluidly coupled to the at least one inlet. An anode can be located within the at least one anode chamber.

A station for localized surface treatment of an industrial workpiece to be treated includes: at least one treatment chamber having a cell or two half-cells, each cell or half-cell delimiting a tight space between walls of the cell or half-cell and a respective portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the cell or each half-cell having a wall having an opening for covering a corresponding portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the opening of the cell or half-cell being delimited by a continuous sealing gasket, the cell or each half-cell including positioning means, the at least one treatment chamber having a supply and emptying circuit; and a plurality of storage vats each containing a treatment fluid, the supply and emptying circuit connecting each storage vat to the at least one treatment chamber so as to supply the at least one treatment chamber with respective treatment fluids.

A station for localized surface treatment of an industrial workpiece to be treated includes: at least one treatment chamber having a cell or two half-cells, each cell or half-cell delimiting a tight space between walls of the cell or half-cell and a respective portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the cell or each half-cell having a wall having an opening for covering a corresponding portion or face of the industrial workpiece, the opening of the cell or half-cell being delimited by a continuous sealing gasket, the cell or each half-cell including positioning means, the at least one treatment chamber having a supply and emptying circuit; and a plurality of storage vats each containing a treatment fluid, the supply and emptying circuit connecting each storage vat to the at least one treatment chamber so as to supply the at least one treatment chamber with respective treatment fluids.

Provided is a film forming apparatus for forming a metal film, capable of uniformly pressurizing a substrate surface with an electrolyte membrane subjected to the fluid pressure of an electrolytic solution containing metal ions during film formation even when an insoluble anode is used. A housing of the apparatus includes a partition member between the anode and the electrolyte membrane, for partitioning a housing chamber into first and second housing chambers. The partition member includes a porous body impregnated with cation exchange resin. The first housing chamber houses the anode insoluble in a first electrolytic solution. The second housing chamber has formed therein a hermetically sealed space in which a second electrolytic solution containing metal ions is enclosed within the housing, by the electrolyte membrane and the partition member. The apparatus is also provided with a pump (pressure unit) that pressurizes the second electrolytic solution in the second housing chamber.

Provided is a film forming apparatus for forming a metal film, capable of uniformly pressurizing a substrate surface with an electrolyte membrane subjected to the fluid pressure of an electrolytic solution containing metal ions during film formation even when an insoluble anode is used. A housing of the apparatus includes a partition member between the anode and the electrolyte membrane, for partitioning a housing chamber into first and second housing chambers. The partition member includes a porous body impregnated with cation exchange resin. The first housing chamber houses the anode insoluble in a first electrolytic solution. The second housing chamber has formed therein a hermetically sealed space in which a second electrolytic solution containing metal ions is enclosed within the housing, by the electrolyte membrane and the partition member. The apparatus is also provided with a pump (pressure unit) that pressurizes the second electrolytic solution in the second housing chamber.

A plating apparatus and plating methods for plating metal layers on a substrate. In an embodiment, a plating method comprises: step 1: immersing a substrate into plating solution of a plating chamber assembly including at least a first anode and a second anode (3001); step 2: turning on a first plating power supply applied on the first anode, setting the first plating power supply to output a power value P.sub.11 and continue with a period T.sub.11 (3002); step 3: when the period T.sub.11 ends, adjusting the first plating power supply applied on the first anode to output a power value P.sub.12 and continue with a period T.sub.12, at the same time, turning on a second plating power supply applied on the second anode, and setting the second plating power supply to output a power value P.sub.21 and continue with a period T.sub.21 (3003); and step 4: when the period T.sub.21 ends, adjusting the second plating power supply applied on the second anode to output a power value P.sub.22 and continue with a period T.sub.22; wherein step 2 to step 4 are performed periodically.

A processing device based on electrochemistry includes a platform, a power supply and at least one modeling mechanism which is arranged under the platform and movable with respect to the platform. The modeling mechanism includes a photoelectric wheel, a light source and a container in which an ionic liquid is stored. The photoelectric wheel is rotatable and partially immersed in the ionic liquid. The photoelectric wheel includes a transparent conductive layer and a photoconductive layer bound together from inside to outside. The transparent conductive layer is electrically connected to an electrode of the power supply, and the platform is electrically connected to the other electrode of the power supply. The light source is arranged inside the photoelectric wheel and emits a light beam to pass through the transparent conductive layer towards the platform to selectively irradiate the photoconductive layer.