A hydrogen gas production apparatus 1 includes: a vaporizer 5 configured to generate ammonia gas by heating liquid ammonia; a main thermal decomposition device 6 configured to decompose the ammonia gas generated in the vaporizer 5, into nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, by heating the ammonia gas by causing a fuel gas to burn; a cooler 7 configured to cool a decomposition gas including the nitrogen gas and the hydrogen gas generated through the decomposition in the main thermal decomposition device 6; and a separator 8 configured to separate hydrogen gas from the decomposition gas having been cooled.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a diesel reforming system comprising: a diesel autothermal reformer; a liquid desulfurizer disposed upstream of the diesel autothermal reformer and configured to remove sulfur compounds from diesel fuel prior to feeding to the diesel autothermal reformer; a combustor in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and configured to provide heat for the liquid desulfurizer; a regulating valve in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor, the regulating valve being configured to control diesel fuel feeds to the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor; and a post-reformer disposed downstream of the diesel autothermal reformer.

A method of fuel desulfurization comprises receiving fuel from a source of fuel in a gaseous phase and condensing the fuel in the gaseous phase in a fuel condenser to convert at least a portion of the fuel into a liquid phase. The method further comprises delivering the fuel in the liquid phase directly to a reformer and returning the uncondensed portion of the fuel in the gaseous phase to the source of fuel to inert the source of fuel.

Systems for producing hydrogen gas for local distribution, consumption, and/or storage, and related devices and methods are disclosed herein. A representative system includes a pyrolysis reactor that can be coupled to a supply of reaction material that includes a hydrocarbon. The reactor includes one or more flow channels positioned to transfer heat to the reaction material to convert the hydrocarbon into an output that includes hydrogen gas and carbon particulates. The system also includes a carbon separation system operably coupled to the pyrolysis reactor to separate the hydrogen gas the carbon particulates in the output. In various embodiments, the system also includes components to locally consume the filtered hydrogen gas.

Power generation systems and methods using solid oxide fuel cell(s) (SOFC) are provided. For example, a power generation system can include a catalytic partial oxidation (CPOx) reactor, an array of one or more fuel cell stacks, and a self-diagnostic system. The CPOx reactor is operable to generate a hydrogen rich gas from a hydrocarbon fuel. The array of one or more fuel cell stacks includes at least one SOFC and is coupled to the CPOx reactor. The fuel cell stacks are operable to generate electrical power and heat from an electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen rich gas and oxygen from an oxygen source. This power generation system can be composed of off-the-shelf parts and components, making this unit inexpensive to manufacture, operate and to maintain as well as easier to operate.

An ammonia fuel cell system and an electric device are described. The ammonia fuel cell system includes an ammonia decomposition reaction device, a heating device, a hydrogen fuel cell, a DC/DC converter and an inverter connected successively, a battery pack and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger of the system, can preheat ammonia gas by energy generated by ammonia decomposition, thereby recycling heat waste. The battery pack supports a quick response and stable output to quickly cope with the acceleration and deceleration of the electric device. This improves the stability of the system operation, and electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell or electric energy in the battery pack can be transferred to the outside. The battery pack or the heating device can provide energy to the ammonia decomposition reaction device, so there is no need to supply outside energy to the ammonia decomposition reaction device.

A method of integrating a fuel cell with a steam methane reformer is provided. The system includes at least one fuel cell including an anode and a cathode, and a steam methane reformer including a syngas stream, and a flue gas stream. The method includes introducing at least a portion of the flue gas stream to the cathode, thereby producing a CO2 depleted flue gas stream and introducing a hydrocarbon containing stream to the anode, thereby producing an electrical energy output and a carbon dioxide and hydrogen containing stream from the fuel cell.

A water vapor generating apparatus includes a chamber having an inner space defined therein; a space partitioning member including a first partitioning portion, and a second partitioning portion, wherein the space partitioning member divides the inner space into a water vapor discharge space and a heating space; a first evaporation tube disposed in the heating space and in a coil shape surrounding the second partitioning portion; a second evaporation tube disposed in the heating space and in a coil shape surrounding the first evaporation tube; an inner cage disposed between the first evaporation tube and the second evaporation tube, wherein the inner cage presses against the first evaporation tube toward the second partitioning portion; and an outer cage surrounding the second evaporation tube, wherein the outer cage presses against the second evaporation tube toward the first evaporation tube.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include an insulation base having insulating material and at least one passage that extends through the insulating material. In some embodiments, the at least one passage may be in fluid communication with a combustion region.

A reactor containing a heat exchanger is disclosed, which can be operated with co-current or counter-current flow. Also disclosed is a system that includes a reactor having a reformer and a vaporizer, a fuel supply, and a water supply. The reactor includes a source of combustion gas, a reformer operative to receive reformate, and a vaporizer operative to receive water. The reformer and vaporizer each include a stack assembly formed by a combination of separator shims and channel shims. The separator shims and channel shims are stacked in a regular pattern to form two sets of channels within the stack assembly. One set of channels will have vertical passageways at either end and a horizontal flowpath between them, while the other set of channels has only a horizontal flowpath.