Provided is a fuel cell system capable of further increasing electric power generation efficiency, compared to the current circumstances, with respect to a fuel cell SOFC that generates electric power by supplying a reformed gas obtained by steam reforming to a fuel electrode. A steam reformer that reforms a hydrocarbon fuel by a steam reforming reaction; a fuel cell that operates by introducing a reformed gas to a fuel electrode; and an anode off-gas circulation path that removes condensed water while cooling an anode off-gas, and introduces the anode off-gas to the steam reformer are provided. A condensation temperature in a condensing device is controlled by a control unit that controls a steam partial pressure of the anode off-gas circulated to the steam reformer, and S/C adjustment is adapted to high-efficiency electric power generation.

Methods and devices and aspects thereof for generating power using PEM fuel cell power systems comprising a rotary bed (or rotatable) reactor for hydrogen generation are disclosed. Hydrogen is generated by the hydrolysis of fuels such as lithium aluminum hydride and mixtures thereof. Water required for hydrolysis may be captured from the fuel cell exhaust. Water is preferably fed to the reactor in the form of a mist generated by an atomizer. An exemplary 750 We-h, 400 We PEM fuel cell power system may be characterized by a specific energy of about 550 We-h/kg and a specific power of about 290 We/kg. Turbidity fixtures within the reactor increase turbidity of fuel pellets within the reactor and improve the energy density of the system.

Reactors are provided that can include a first set of fluid channels and a second set of fluid channels oriented in thermal contact with the first set of fluid channels where the channels of either one or both of the first of the set of fluid channels are non-linear. Reactor assemblies are also provided that can include a first set of fluid channels defining at least one non-linear channel having a positive function, and a second set of fluid channels defining at least another non-linear channel having a negative function in relation to the positive function of the one non-linear channel of the first set of fluid channels.

In the electrochemical element, a plate-like support includes an internal passage through which a first gas flows, a gas-permeable portion, and an electrochemical reaction portion in which a film-like electrode layer, a film-like electrolyte layer, and a film-like counter electrode layer are stacked so as to entirely or partially cover the gas-permeable portion. The internal passage includes a plurality of auxiliary passages through which the first gas flows in a predetermined flowing direction, and a distribution portion provided on the upstream side of the plurality of auxiliary passages in the flowing direction of the first gas. The plate-like support includes a supply structure that is located between the distribution portion and the auxiliary passages in the flowing direction. The first gas is temporarily stored in the distribution portion and supply of the first gas from the distribution portion to the plurality of auxiliary passages is limited.

A hydrogen gas supply apparatus includes a compressor configured to compress hydrogen gas and supply the compressed hydrogen gas toward a pressure accumulator which accumulates the hydrogen gas, a first adsorption column disposed between the discharge port of the compressor and the pressure accumulator and configured to include the first adsorbent for adsorbing impurities in the hydrogen gas discharged from the compressor, a first valve disposed between the discharge port of the compressor and the gas inlet port of the first adsorption column, a second valve disposed between the gas outlet port of the first adsorption column and the pressure accumulator, a return pipe configured to branch from between the first valve and the gas inlet port of the adsorption column and connect to the suction side of the compressor, and a second adsorption column disposed in the middle of the return pipe.

A hydrogen production system comprises a hydrogen pyrolysis reactor which has a hydrocarbon input, an electrical input and at least one hydrogen output. The hydrogen production system also comprises a hydrogen-fuelled generator. Means are provided to route part of the hydrogen from one of the at least one hydrogen outputs to the hydrogen-fuelled generator. The hydrogen-fuelled generator then generates an electrical output, which is routed to the electrical input of the hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor. A related method of operating a hydrogen production system is also described.

The present disclosure relates generally to portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power. In particular, an electricity generation device for powering a battery comprising a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid; a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a fuel cell that generates electricity; a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell is provided.

The invention relates to petroleum sludge or other wastes recycle treatment system, which includes a pre-treatment operation facility for a treated matter to be treated as a raw material. A feeding unit is arranged to feed the raw material into at least one gasification reactor with a push rod or a screw for pyrolysis gasification. The upper half of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe which can be connected with a gas collecting pump, and the lower half is provided with a liquid petroleum output pipe and an ash residue outlet, in which the ash residue outlet can be provided with a spiral pipe to draw the ash residue out. The petroleum sludge and other wastes in a dense fluid state are transported from a raw material tank to the at least one gasification reactor end which is bent upward through at least one pipe body, and the feeding mode of pyrolysis gasification of the raw material from below to upper of the gasification reactor is adopted. The top of the at least one gasification reactor is provided with a syngas collecting pipe, and the other side is provided with an ash residue accumulation chamber. The ash residue can be centralized and discharged through the lower buffer chamber and the slag discharge chamber, so as to convert the petroleum sludge or other wastes into more energy-efficient syngas providing human beings as users of electric or thermal energy.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

A methanol synthesis plant comprising: a feed pretreating section operable to pretreat a feed stream; a synthesis gas (syngas) generation section comprising one or more reactors operable to produce a syngas synthesis product stream comprising synthesis gas from the feed stream; a methanol synthesis section comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors operable to produce a synthesis product comprising methanol; and/or a methanol purification section operable to remove at least one component from the synthesis product to provide a purified methanol product; wherein the methanol synthesis plant is configured such that, relative to a conventional methanol synthesis plant, more of the net energy required by the methanol synthesis plant, the feed pretreating section, the syngas generation section, the methanol synthesis section, the methanol purification section, or a combination thereof, is provided by a non-carbon based energy source, a renewable energy source, and/or electricity.