A method for operating a blast furnace plant having a blast furnace and an ammonia reforming plant, the method including the steps of feeding a stream of ammonia to the ammonia reforming plant, cracking the stream of ammonia in the ammonia reforming plant to produce a reducing gas, feeding an iron oxide containing charge and the reducing gas into the blast furnace, and reducing iron oxide inside the blast furnace by reaction between the iron oxide containing charge and the reducing gas, where the reducing gas comprises less than 15% of ammonia.

The present disclosure relates to a gas turbine plant which decomposes ammonia and supplies it as fuel to a combustor of a gas turbine. The gas turbine plant supplies sufficient heat to the ammonia in order to thermally decompose the ammonia effectively, and separates the residual ammonia present in the decomposition gas and supplies it to a combustor of the gas turbine.

A process for the production of hydrogen by thermal energy based on a closed metal-chloride material cycle, where in the hydrogen release segment the metal is oxidized with hydrochloric acid at room temperature and in the regeneration segment the metal ions are reduced by heat treatment. This is a closed-cycle technological material flow, carried out by use of thermal energy and enables the production of hydrogen at room temperature on the basis of a solid energy carrier represented by metals. The process includes three main technological segments: an oxidation segment in which oxidation of a hydrogen-releasing metal is performed, a regeneration segment in which metal ions are reduced for metal regeneration, and a gaseous HCl capture segment in which gaseous HCl is dissolved in water. The material cycle is closed; there are no emissions or waste. Only water enters the process while hydrogen and oxygen exit.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons using autothermal reforming. In particular, as a system for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons, a system for producing hydrogen using autothermal reforming includes: a partial oxidation portion where hydrocarbons are fed in and undergoes partial oxidation, a stem reforming portion that is connected to the partial oxidation portion, supplied with heat energy generated from the partial oxidation portion, and steam-reformed by a steam reforming catalyst to produce synthetic gas containing hydrogen, and an integrated autothermal reforming reactor wherein the partial oxidation portion and the steam reforming portion are configured within a single integrated main body.

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.

A mobile system and method that reform flare gas, methane, or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce methanol, a clean burning gasoline blend, component, and/or substitute are disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressure, then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to about 600 psi, and feeds it through a methanol reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into methanol. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. Methanol is a clean burning gasoline substitute, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that was flared in North Dakota in 2014 could be converted into over 6 million tons of methanol.

A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, an evaporator for evaporating a mixture of methanol and water to be forwarded through a catalytic reformer for producing portions of free hydrogen. The fuel cell stack being composed of a number of proton exchange membrane fuel cells each featuring electrodes in form of an anode and a cathode for delivering an electric current. The system provides an enhanced catalytic reformer for a fuel cell system, which enables a compact design of the reformer for integration into a flat, rack mountable system.

The present application relates to a process comprising the steps ofproviding a purge stream from a synthesis section,preheating at least part of said purge stream,adding steam to the preheated purge stream to obtain a first mixed stream,passing the first mixed stream through a shift conversion step thereby obtaining a conversion product stream,passing at least part of the conversion product stream through a H.sub.2 separation step producing a H.sub.2 enriched stream and a H.sub.2 depleted waste stream, and returning at least part of said H.sub.2 enriched stream to and/or upstream the synthesis section.

A Plasma Arc Reformer for creating a useful fuel, such as Methanol, using any of Methane, Municipal Solid Waste, farm or forest waste, coal orchar rock from oil shale production, petrochemical hydrocarbons, (any carbon containing charge), water, and/or Municipal Sewage, as the source material. A High temperature Plasma Arc de-polymerizes the source material into atoms which, upon partial cooling, creates a gas stream rich in CO and H.sub.2 (syngas). Subsequent molecular filter and catalyst stages in the system remove contaminants and produce the output fuel. The system is closed loop with regard to the syngas production in that it recycles the residual unconverted gas and even the exhaust gases if desired. The large amount of heat produced is captured and converted to electric power using a supercritical CO.sub.2 Rankin cycle resulting in potentially high efficiencies.

A process for thermally cracking a fuel, said process comprising the steps ofon a solid carrier in a first reaction cracking fuel thereby producing Hydrogen and Carbon speciesin a second reaction combusting said Carbon on the solid carrier wherein the first and second reaction is carried out in at least one fluidized bed.