Provided is a manganese oxide represented by A-MnO as constituent elements, in which the constituent element A is one or more elements selected from H, an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, a rare earth element, Be, Mg, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Os, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, F, Cl, Br, and I.

Lithium metal oxides may be regenerated under ambient conditions from materials recovered from partially or fully depleted lithium-ion batteries. Recovered lithium and metal materials may be reduced to nanoparticles and recombined to produce regenerated lithium metal oxides. The regenerated lithium metal oxides may be used to produce rechargeable lithium ion batteries.

Process for the fabrication of an electrode structure comprising an electrochemically active material suitable for use in an energy storage device. The method includes electrodepositing the electrochemically active material onto an electrode in electrodeposition bath containing a non-aqueous electrolyte. The electrode structure can be used for various applications such as electrochemical energy storage devices including high power and high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

[Summary] A positive electrode active material is provided to contain: a solid solution lithium-containing transition metal oxide (A) represented by Li.sub.1.5[Ni.sub.aCo.sub.bMn.sub.c[Li].sub.d]O.sub.3 (where a, b, c and d satisfy the relations of a+b+c+d=1.5, 0.1<d0.4, 1.1a+b+c<1.4, 0.2a0.7 and 0<b/a<1); and a lithium-containing transition metal oxide (B) represented by LiM.sub.XMn.sub.2XO.sub.4 (where M represents Cr or Al, and x satisfies the relation of 0x<2).

An electro-active material of a cathode of primary lithium batteries including a mixture of a first component including at least a first compound of formula (I) Li.sub.xMnO.sub.y and a second component including at least a second compound of formula (II) Li.sub.xH.sub.yV.sub.3O.sub.8, wherein in formula (I):

0x2

0y4

02yx7,

wherein in formula (II):

0x4.5

0.01y2

0.01x+y6.5,

wherein the first compound is in the form of particles having a particle size including between 1 m and 200 m and the second compound is in the form of nanoparticles having a particle size less than 500 nm or in the form of nanofibers with a length including between 0.2 m and 500 m and a width including between 10 nm and 200 nm, and wherein said first component and said second component are present in amounts of 1:99% by weight to 99:1% by weight.

Provided is a cerium-zirconium-based composite oxide having an excellent OSC, high catalytic activity, and excellent heat resistance, and also provided is a method for producing the same. The cerium-zirconium-based composite oxide comprises cerium, zirconium, and a third element other than these elements. The third element is (a) a transition metal element or (b) at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and alkaline earth metal elements. After a heat treatment at 1,000 C. to 1,100 C. for 3 hours, (1) the composite oxide has a crystal structure containing a pyrochlore phase, (2) a value of {I111/(I111+I222)}100 is 1 or more, and (3) the composite oxide has an oxygen storage capacity at 600 C. of 0.05 mmol/g or more, and an oxygen storage capacity at 750 C. of 0.3 mmol/g or more.

According to one embodiment, there is provided an active material. The active material includes secondary particles. The secondary particles include first primary particles and second primary particles. The first primary particles include an orthorhombic Na-containing niobium-titanium composite oxide. The second primary particles include at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon black, a graphite, a titanium nitride, a titanium carbide, a lithium titanate having a spinel structure, a titanium dioxide having an anatase structure, and a titanium dioxide having a rutile structure.

Process for the fabrication of an electrode structure comprising an electrochemically active material suitable for use in an energy storage device. The method includes electrodepositing the electrochemically active material onto an electrode in electrodeposition bath containing a non-aqueous electrolyte. The electrode structure can be used for various applications such as electrochemical energy storage devices including high power and high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

According to one embodiment, there is provided an active material. The active material includes a composite oxide. The composite oxide has a monoclinic crystal structure. The composite oxide is represented by a general formula of Li.sub.wNa.sub.4-xM1.sub.yTi.sub.6-zM2.sub.zO.sub.14+. In the general formula, the M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Rb, Cs, K and H; the M2 is at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Fe, Co, Mn and Al; w is within a range of 0w<12; x is within a range of 0<x<4; y is within a range of 0y<2; z is within a range of 0<z<6; and is within a range of 0.30.3.