An object of the present invention is to provide composite particles capable of suppressing oxidation over time of a Si—C composite material. Composite particles (B) of the present invention contains composite particles (A) containing carbon and silicon; and amorphous layers coating surfaces thereof, where the composite particles (B) have I.sub.Si/I.sub.G of 0.10 or more and 0.65 or less, and have R value (I.sub.D/I.sub.G) of 1.00 or more and 1.30 or less, when a peak due to silicon is present at 450 to 495 cm.sup.−1, an intensity of the peak is defined as I.sub.Si, an intensity of a G band (peak intensity in the vicinity of 1600 cm.sup.−1) is defined as I.sub.G, and an intensity of a D band (peak intensity in the vicinity of 1360 cm.sup.−1) is defined as I.sub.D in a Raman spectrum, and where the composite particles (B) have a full width at half maximum of a peak of a 111 plane of Si of 3.0 deg. or more using a Cu-Kα ray in an XRD pattern.

A sputtering target comprising a top coat including a composition of lithium cobalt oxide LiyCozOx. x is smaller than or equal to y+z, and the lithium cobalt oxide has an X-Ray diffraction pattern with a peak P2 at 44°±0.2° 2-theta. The X-Ray diffraction pattern is measured with an X-Ray diffractometer with CuKα1 radiation.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbon nanotube fiber aggregate and provides a carbon nanotube fiber aggregate having an improved level of alignment through ultrasonic wave application and low speed recovery.

A porous membrane comprising stacked layers of nanosheets, each nanosheet comprising one to three atomic layers of a 2D material comprising or consisting of one or more transition metal dichalcogenides is provided. The nanosheets have pores and the membrane comprises a network of water permeation pathways including through-pathways formed by the pores, horizontal pathways formed by gaps between the layers, and vertical pathways formed by gaps between adjacent nanosheets and stacking defects between the layers. Also provided is a method for making the membrane.

The technical field of enzyme immobilization, and particularly, an organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower and a preparation method thereof. The organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower is a flower-like immobilized enzyme formed by self-assembly of a layered rare earth compound as an inorganic carrier and a biological enzyme as an organic component. The layered rare earth compound is Ln.sub.2(OH).sub.5NO.sub.3.Math.nH.sub.2O, where Ln is one or more of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Y, and n=1.1-2.5. The biological enzyme is one or more of α-amylase, horseradish peroxidase, or laccase. A layered rare earth compound is used as the inorganic carrier for the organic biological enzyme to form the flower-like immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme has better stability and higher catalytic performance when compared with a free enzyme.

The present invention relates to a 2-dimensional MXene particle surface-modified with a functional group comprising a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof (e.g., a conductive film).

Proposed are a layered Group III-V compound having ferroelectric properties, a Group III-V compound nanosheet that may be prepared using the same, and an electrical device including the materials. Proposed is a layered compound represented by [Formula 1] M.sub.x−mA.sub.yB.sub.z (M is at least one of Group I or Group II elements, A is at least one of Group III elements, B is at least one of Group V elements, x, y, and z are positive numbers which are determined according to stoichiometric ratios to ensure charge balance when m is 0, and 0<m<x), and having ferroelectric-like properties.

The present disclosure relates to an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of manufacturing the anode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the anode active material. The anode active material includes natural graphite particles configured such that flaky natural graphite fragment particles having uneven (□□) surface defects are structured in a cabbage shape or at random and granulated, the surface and the inside of the natural graphite particles including a gap formed between the flaky natural graphite fragment particles, and a coating layer including amorphous or semicrystalline carbon formed on the surface of the flaky natural graphite fragment particles that form the gap and the surface of the natural graphite particles.

This invention relates to a process for treating acid mine drainage (AMD). The process includes the steps of adjusting the pH of the AMD to be in the range of 3 to 5; adding maghemite nanoparticles to form a slurry; and a) aerating the slurry obtained in step 3), or b) simultaneously heating and mixing the slurry obtained in step 3). Thereafter maghemite nanoparticles loaded with one or more metals and sulphate and precipitated metals is separated from the slurry.

Methods of synthesis of mesoporous silica are disclosed. The mesoporous silica synthesized herein, like SBA-15, possesses a two-dimensional, hexagonal, through-hole structure with a space group p6mm. An effective quantity of one or more water-soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds are used during synthesis to impart distinct characteristics.